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Knowledge Is Structure

Knowledge Is Structure. What does that mean? Knowledge isn’t rules that work from the outside, but structure that works from the inside, modelling the world and providing predictions of behaviour in previously unseen situations.

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Knowledge Is Structure

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  1. Knowledge Is Structure What does that mean? Knowledge isn’t rules that work from the outside, but structure that works from the inside, modelling the world and providing predictions of behaviour in previously unseen situations. There can’t be any implied states, so the structure must hold all states

  2. A Simple Structure The structure can propagate a wide range of entities through its connections, and the operators can operate on analytic or experiential information, and the structure can change itself. • Visible • Undirected • Dynamically Extensible • Controllable Existence

  3. Logical Surface Statements are written on a logical surface a = b + c

  4. Building Structures We can combine small logical structures into larger structures without concern for how they will later be used IF a + b = c THEN d + e = f FOR

  5. X A% = + List Link B B=9 X=5 X + = + C C=3 D D=-7 Self Modification The structure can change itself, adding more structure and more states as it increases its complexity

  6. Combining Structures It may seem simple, but the ability to combine knowledge structures is a very strong constraint on how the knowledge is structured.

  7. Combining Knowledge Domains Airframe Performance Avionics Assemble Pieces of Knowledge Into an Active Object Which Itself Can be Assembled...

  8. Multiple Interacting Sources In almost every case when attempting to support or supplant a human’s ability, the problem comes down to the emulation of multiple interacting sources. Constraint Reasoning is appealing for the reason that multiple sources move from numeric ranges to single values, interacting as they do so, but only in a static structure. Its continual pruning of alternatives is too simplistic for complex problems, where objects acquire new alternatives because of the context they find themselves in. In an Active Structure, every operator represents a source, and each source can operate in a dynamic structure.

  9. External AlgorithmvsInternal Activity We mentioned “active structure”. What’s wrong with an algorithm and a data structure? We also mentioned “dynamic” or “self-modifying”. If the structure can modify itself, then an algorithm external to the structure becomes lost, because structure it assumed existed disappears, and new structure may appear. The only valid location is inside the structure, responding to local activity.

  10. Examples

  11. Events Event XML Earthquake Knowledge Model Structure Acceleration attenuation based on Find distance between site and magnitude, distance and local site Epicentre, local conditions, etc. conditions Attenuation Greece Info (GIS) Recorders Intensity/ Damage Relations between acceleration, intensity and damage ratio Relations between magnitude and frequency, building type, number of Frequency/ floors and natural frequency, Amplification including comparison and amplification estimates

  12. Project Management Development projects have a life of their own. There is uncertainty in what you are doing, and whether and when you will be doing it. Critical Path Method doesn’t allow you to plan what to do, only when to do it - these activities have both logical and existential control

  13. Knowledge Based Engineering m Re h T Pr Cp k L A D M Non-parametric analysis requires influence and existence to be modifiable within the model

  14. InformationExtraction The quake The network continually alters itself as it moves through processes of tokenising, parsing, semantic extraction and knowledge model enhancement struck

  15. Risk Analysis Combining historical and hypothetical risk Active Representation of Uncertainty

  16. Control Systems Complex, Dynamic Interactions

  17. Genetic Knowledge Genes - 34,000 Proteins - 40,000 Diseases - 7,000 Anatomy - 5,000 Cells - 3,000

  18. Activate To Search The structure represents everything in the text An existence pulse travels through the structure

  19. Moldable Search Space You decide what to include and what to ignore, by examining what is currently being ignored

  20. What’s the Point? We need to build cognitive machinery to handle every state transition - we can’t use the twin crutches of sequenced instructions and procedural stack frames If we do this, we can handle complex and dynamic interactions beyond the reach of programming The structure can be modified on the run, it can see itself and can adapt and extend itself, it can backtrack out of a scenario it has dynamically constructed

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