Promotion of safety

1. Promotion of safety Preventing the spread of infection

3. Microorganisms Nonpathogens Pathogens Infections Parasite Transmission Airborne Transmission Droplet Transmission Immunity immunosupression READ BODY DEFENSES 155-156 Definitions –Unit 12 pg 150

4. MICROORGANISM- a small living thing or animal that can only be seen with a microscope • Pathogen-causes illness • Nonpathogen-usually doesn’t cause illness/infection • Helps in processing of cheese, yogurt • Curing of leather • Baking of bread

5. 5 types of Microorganisms • Bacteria • Fungi- yeast, mold • Protozoa- malaria, toxoplasmosis • Rickettsiae • Viruses-herpes, aids, chickenpox, colds

6. Bacteria are named by Shape • Singular (plural) • Coccus (cocci)- round or spherical • Bacillus (bacilli)- straight rod • Spirillum (spirilla)-spiral, corkscrew • See figures on page 151

7. Bacteria grow in groups called colonies • Pairs-diplo • Chains- strepto • Clusters- staphylo • Streptococcus • Staphylococcus • Neisseria gonorrhoeae (diplococus)

8. Gram Staining • Gram positive stain dark blue or violet the cell wall is high in peptidoglycan (amino acids) gram pos cell wall is 20-80 nanometers thick of peptidoglycan • Gram Negative cannot retain the crystal violet stain so they take up the counter stain and are red or pink in color gran neg cell wall is 7-8 nanometers thick of peptidoglycan

9. Infection a disease state that results from invasion and growth of microorganism • Causative agent • Reservoir/host • Carrier • Portal of Exit • Method of transmission • Portal of entry • Susceptible host

10. Chain of infection Causative agent Reservoir Susceptible host Portal of entry Portal of exit Method of transmission

11. Infection • Occur when pathogens invade the body and cause disease

12. Signs and Symptoms of Infection • Fever • Pain • Tenderness • Swelling • Fatigue

13. Disease Prevention • Asepsis- absence of dz producing microorganism

14. Medical Asepsis • Techniques and practices used to prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms from one person/place to another person/place

15. Ways to practice medical asepsis • Clean technique - prevent spread of pathogens • Disinfection - process of eliminating harmful pathogens from equipment and instruments • Sterilization- removes all microorganisms from an item

16. Sterile Procedures • Surgical asepsis – the means by which the environment is kept free of microorganisms both pathogens and nonpathogens • Sterile- during surgical asepsis the equipment must have gone through a procedure that made it free of microorganisms both pathogens and nonpathogens • Sterile field- area of sterile equipment and material

17. Nosocomial infection- infection acquired by a patient while being cared for in a health care facility • Normal flora – microbes that live on your body that usually do not cause infection

18. Protecting yourself • Standard precautions • Universal precautions • PPE

20. ISOLATION • Transmission based precautions- interrupt mode of transmission • Communicable or contagious dz- dz transferred form one person to another through direct contact • Airborne • Droplet • Contact • Airborne and Contact

22. Gram stain of staphylococcus