UNDERSTANDING VACCINES

1. UNDERSTANDING VACCINES Making An Informed Decision as a Parent and Supporting Our Decisions as a Community By Tes Dan

2. What are vaccines? Definition of vaccine (noun): A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative agent of a disease, its products, or a synthetic substitute, treated to act as an antigen without inducing the disease.

3. Immunization Laws and Regulations in New York State Every student entering or attending public, private or parochial school in New York State (NYS) to be immune to: Diphtheria: An infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Usually C. diphtheriae multiplies on or near the surface of the mucous membranes of the throat and can be airborne, transmitted through contaminated personal items and contaminated household products.It can cause a thick covering in the back of the throat and can lead to difficulty breathing, Tetanus: Known also as lockjaw, is an infection caused by bacteria called Clostridium tetani, found in soil, dust, and animal species. The spores of this bacteria can enter a deep flesh wound that grow into bacteria producing the toxin tetanospasmin which impairs motor neurons (muscles). These painful muscle contractions, often cause one’s neck and jaw muscles to lock, making it hard to open the mouth or swallow.

4. MMR - Measles Mumps and Rubella Measles: An infectious viral disease causing fever and a red rash on the skin, typically occurring in childhood. The virus replicates in the nose or throat of an infected individual so when someone with measles coughs, sneezes or talks, infected droplets spray into the air, where other people can inhale them. The symptoms of Measles which include fever, dry cough, runny nose, sore throat, inflamed eyes, tiny white spots with bluish-white centers on a red background found inside the mouth on the inner lining of the cheek (Koplik's spots) and a skin rash made up of large, flat blotches that often flow into one another appear around 10 to 14 days after exposure. Mumps: A contagious disease that is caused by a virus that can be transmitted through direct contact with saliva or respiratory droplets from the mouth, nose, or throat. It typically starts with a few days of fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, and loss of appetite. Then most will experience swelling of their salivary glands which causes the puffy cheeks and a tender, swollen jaw

5. Rubella: A contagious disease caused by a virus which spreads when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Most people who get rubella usually have a mild illness, with symptoms that can include a low-grade fever, sore throat, and a rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. Rubella can cause a miscarriage or serious birth defects in a developing baby if a woman is infected while she is pregnant.

6. Pertussis: Known also as whooping cough, it is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. These bacteria attach to the cilia (tiny, hair-like extensions) that line part of the upper respiratory system and is airborne. The bacteria release toxins , which damage the cilia and cause airways to swell which causes uncontrollable, violent coughing, often making it hard to breathe. Varicella: A highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) which spreads easily mainly through close contact with an infected person.It can cause an itchy, blister-like rash which appears first on the chest, back, and face, and then the entire body. Poliomyelitis: An infectious viral disease transmitted person-to-person that multiplies in the intestine where it can invade the central nervous system. Initial symptoms include fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness in the neck, and pain in the limbs. A small proportion of cases result in paralysis, which is often permanent.

7. Hepatitis B: A liver infection caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) which is transmitted from bodily fluid from an infected person enters the body of someone who is not infected. For some, hepatitis B is a short-term illness but for others, it can become a long-term, chronic infection. Chronic Hepatitis B can lead to serious health issues, like cirrhosis or liver cancer. Meningococcal: Refers to any illness caused by bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis, also known as meningococcus which is spread through the exchange of respiratory and throat secretions . They include infections of the lining of the brain and spinal cord (meningitis) and bloodstream infections (bacteremia or septicemia)

8. HPV Vaccine (Gardasil and Cervarix) Human papillomavirus, or HPV, is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). Like HIV and Herpes, it is spread through intimate skin-to-skin contact with one infected regardless of the individual showing not showing signs or symptoms. Nearly 80 million Americans are currently infected with some type of HPV In most cases, HPV goes away on its own without causing any health problems. But when it does not go away, it can cause health problems like genital warts and cancer The vaccine is said to protect against HPV types 16 and 18 which cause 80% of cervical cancer cases, HPV types 6 and 11 which cause 90% of genital warts cases, HPV types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 that can lead to cancer of the cervix, anus, vulva/vagina, penis, or throat. The side of the vaccines include: Pain, redness, or swelling in the arm where the shot was given; fever; dizziness or fainting; nausea; headache or feeling tired; muscle or joint pain

9. Vaccine Ingredients

12. New York State’s Recent Immunization Law

13. Pros and Cons of Vaccinations Pros • The American Academy of Pediatrics states that "most childhood vaccines are 90%-99% effective in preventing disease." According to Shot@Life, every year, vaccines save 2.5 million children from preventable diseases • Ingredients, such as thimerosal, formaldehyde, and aluminum, can be harmful in large doses but they are not used in harmful quantities in vaccines. • Vaccines cost less in time and money to obtain than infectious diseases cost in time off of work to care for a sick child Cons • Most diseases that vaccines target are relatively harmless in many cases, thus making vaccines unnecessary • Some physicians believe thimerosal, an organic mercury compound found in trace amounts in one flu vaccine for children and other vaccines for adults, is linked to autism. Aluminum is used in some vaccines and excess aluminum in human bodies can cause neurological harm • Diseases that vaccines target have essentially disappeared.

14. Pros and Cons cont • The most common side effect of vaccines, anaphylaxis (a severe allergic reaction), occurs in one per several hundred thousand to one per million vaccinations. • Herd immunity (or community immunity) means that when a "critical portion" (the percent of people who need to be vaccinated to provide herd immunity) of a population is vaccinated against a contagious disease it is unlikely that an outbreak of the disease will occur https://vaccines.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=005206 • Vaccines can contain ingredients some people consider immoral or otherwise objectionable. Some vaccines for DTaP, Hep A, RV, Hib, HPV, IPV, flu, MMR, and chickenpox are made using animal products • Mandatory vaccines infringe upon constitutionally protected religious freedoms. • The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia notes that "It is true that natural infection almost always causes better immunity than vaccines. Immunity from vaccines occurs only after several doses."

15. PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION HEARING REGARDING REPEAL OF RELIGIOUS EXEMPTION: WED, AUG 14th, 10 AM 16 EAGLE STREET, ALBANY BE THERE!!! SHARE!!!

16. Vaccine Rally

17. For Further Information Vaccines: Centers for Disease Control (https://www.cdc.gov) The World Health Organization (https://www.who.int) Mayo Clinic (https://www.mayoclinic.org) Vaccine Ingredients and Manufacturer Information (https://vaccines.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=005206) New York State Department of Health (https://www.health.ny.gov)

18. Additional Reading Material https://m.facebook.com/logged_out/watch/?video_id=320232672225901&refsrc=https%3A%2F%2Fm.facebook.com%2Fstory.php&_rdr https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/virus-vaccine https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/cell-based.htm https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/early-tissue-and-cell-culture-vaccine-development https://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-ingredients/fetal-tissues https://www.jta.org/2019/06/05/united-states/an-orthodox-rally-in-brooklyn-sees-vaccines-as-a-conspiracy https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-04-16/measles-outbreak-new-york-and-religious-law-agree-on-vaccines

19. Additional Reading Material cont. https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2019/04/16/how-netflix-amazon-google-facebook-addressing-anti-vaxxers-talker/3483190002/ https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/additives.htm https://healthimpactnews.com/2019/medical-doctor-responds-to-new-york-times-article-attacking-vaccine-skeptics/ https://vaccines.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=005206 https://www.learntherisk.org/sids/