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This article discusses the effectiveness of combining tobacco cessation policies and programs to reduce smoking rates. It explores the impact of smoke-free workplace policies, tax increases, and assistance programs for smokers. The article also highlights the success of comprehensive approaches in reducing smoking rates in New York City.
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THE PERFECT STORM: COMBINING POLICIES AND PROGRAMS TO DRIVE TOBACCO CESSATION Danny McGoldrick Vice President, Research Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids May 3, 2007
What Do We Know? • If you tax them, they will quit. • If you force them to smoke outside, they will quit. • If you give them a (free) phone number, and tell them about it, they will call it • If you give away medication, they will take it • If you do all these things, they will quit a lot
Would “think seriously about stopping smoking in the next 6 months” Because of…
Impact of smoke-free workplace policies on cigarette consumption and smoking prevalence Philip Morris POL data base of over 25,000 workers “1. Total prohibition of smoking in the workplace strongly affects industry volume. Smokers facing these restrictions consume 11%-15% less than average and quit at a rate that is 84% higher than average.” “2. Milder workplace restrictions such as smoking only in designated areas, have much less impact on quitting rates and very little effect on consumption.”
New York State Weekly Quitline Call Volume (2003) NYC Smoke Free Law Takes Effect and Limited NRT Give Away NYS Smoke Free Law Takes Effect
Average weekly call volume to the Quitline Before, During, and After the Offer for Free NRT
THE TRIFECTA Smoke-Free Tax Program Funding
Success In New York City –– The city and state’s combined comprehensive approach of excise tax increases, smoke-free workplace laws and assistance for smokers who want to quit drastically reduced smoking. –– The number of adult smokers in NYC declined by 15 percent in just two years – that’s 188,000 fewer smokers.
Trifecta States May 2007 WASHINGTON 202.5 MONTANA 170 MAINE 200 VT:179 VT NEW YORK 150 OHIO 125 MARYLAND:100 ARIZONA 200 HAWAII 180 States that have a tax of at least $1, are smoke-free (or will soon be) in workplaces, restaurants, bars, and are funded at least 50% of CDC minimum States that have a tax of at least $1, are smoke-free (or will soon be) in workplaces, restaurants, bars, and are funded at 100% of CDC minimum States that have a tax of at least $1, are smoke-free (or will soon be) in workplaces, restaurants, bars, and are funded at least 75% of CDC minimum
Cigarette Tax Rates WASHINGTON 202.5 MONTANA 170 MAINE 200 NORTH DAKOTA 44 VT:179 MINNESOTA 149.3 OREGON 118 VT IDAHO 57 NH NH: 80 WISCONSIN 77 SOUTH DAKOTA 153 NEW YORK 150 MA MA:151 WYOMING 60 MICHIGAN 200 CT RI:246 CT:151 IOWA 136 PENNSYLVANIA 135 NJ:258 NEBRASKA 64 NEVADA 80 OHIO 125 DELAWARE:55 UTAH 69.5 IN 99.5 ILLINOIS 98 WV 55 30 VIRGINIA MARYLAND:100 COLORADO 84 KANSAS 79 MISSOURI 17 DC:100 87 KENTUCKY 30 CALIFORNIA NORTH CAROLINA 35 TENNESSEE 20 OKLAHOMA 103 ARKANSAS 59 ARIZONA 200 NEW MEXICO 91 SOUTH CAROLINA 7 GEORGIA 37 ALABAMA 42.5 MS 18 ALASKA 200 TEXAS 141 36 LOUISIANA HAWAII 180 FLORIDA 33.9 States that have not passed tax increases since before 2001 States that have recently passed or implemented a cigarette tax increase (since 1/1/2002) Upcoming increases: AK increase to 200 cents per pack and IN increase to 99.5 cents per pack on 7/1/07. HI increase to 180 cents per pack on 9/30/07. May 2007
Smoke-Free Laws Restaurants & Bars Restaurants *New Mexico law effective 6/15/07; MD and IL laws passed legislature; govs have promised to sign. * The Montana and Utah laws extend to bars in 2009. March 2007
Funding for Tobacco Prevention & Cessation States that have funded tobacco prevention programs at a level that meets the CDC’s minimum recommendation. States that have committed substantial funding for tobacco prevention programs (more than 50% of CDC minimum). States that have committed modest amounts for tobacco prevention programs (25% - 50% of CDC minimum). States that have committed minimal amounts for tobacco prevention programs (less than 25% of CDC minimum). States that have committed no tobacco settlement or tobacco tax money for tobacco prevention programs. December 5, 2006
FY 2007 Tobacco Money for Tobacco Prevention $ 21.7 Billion $7.0 Billion Tobacco Settlement Revenues $14.7 Billion Tobacco Tax Revenues $1.6 Billion $597.5 Million
History of Tobacco Prevention Funding $750 $737 $680 $674 $597.5 Dollars in Millions $543 $538 $551 $300
Increased Funding for Tobacco Prevention & Cessation in FY ‘07 • AK - $5.7 to $6.2 • CT - $0 to $2 • DC - $500K to $3.8M • FL - $1.0 to $5.6 • IA - $5.6 to $6.6 • MA - $4.3 to $8.3 • MD - $9.2 to $18.7 • NM - $6.0 to $7.7 • NY - $43.4 to $85.5 • OK - $8.9 to $10 • SC - $0 to $2
Increased Funding for Tobacco Prevention & Cessation in FY ‘08 • IA - $6.2 to $12.7 • IN - $10.8 to $16.2 • NM - $7.7 to $9.6 • WA - $50 million added to trust
Lots Still in Play in 2007 • OR – Trifecta (84¢ w/tpep funding) + Smoke-free • WI – Trifecta ($1.25 w/full funding) + Smoke-free • NH – Trifecta (45¢ w/$2M in funding) + Smoke-free • TN – Trifecta (40¢ w/$15M in funding) + Smoke-free • MA -- $1 Tax + Program Funding • SC -- 93¢ Tax + Program Funding • NC – Smoke-free • AL – Smoke-free • PA – Smoke-free • TX – Smoke-free • MN – Smoke-free • CO – add smoke-free casinos • DE -- 45¢ Tax • ME -- $1 Tax • OH – Expand Program Funding • VT – Expand Program Funding
What Exactly is our Demand Problem? • State Programs know how to increase demand • We don’t have the resources to meet the demand we know how to create • We have to demand the resources to service the demand • We need help to demand those resources
Why Is It So Hard? • Politicians will raise taxes if they can get away with it, and we have taught them this is the one tax they can get away with. • Voters (non-smokers) want smoke-free laws; they are affected by them. • Lots of competition for the money. • There is no natural constituency for tobacco prevention and cessation programs; we have to build it.
TOOLS FOR AFFECTING TOBACCO POLICY • Communications (Advertising and Public Relations) • Earned Media • Paid Advertising • Direct Mail • Direct policy advocacy • Lobbying • Testimony • Voter Contact (phone, mail, in-person) • Grassroots organizing and activism
We Need Help • Community Connections • Lobbying • Financial Support
Danny McGoldrickDirector, Research Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids (202) 296-5469 X3009 dmcgoldrick@tobaccofreekids.org www.tobaccofreekids.org