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Introduction to Linguistics

Introduction to Linguistics. Review of last time:. Introduction to Linguistics. Review of last time: Morphology. Introduction to Linguistics. Review of last time: Morphology Studies the internal structure of words and their relationships. Introduction to Linguistics. Review of last time:

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Introduction to Linguistics

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  1. Introduction to Linguistics • Review of last time:

  2. Introduction to Linguistics • Review of last time: • Morphology

  3. Introduction to Linguistics • Review of last time: • Morphology • Studies the internal structure of words and their relationships

  4. Introduction to Linguistics • Review of last time: • Morpheme

  5. Introduction to Linguistics • Review of last time: • Morpheme • A minimal unit of meaning

  6. Introduction to Linguistics • Review of last time: • Morpheme • A minimal unit of meaning • may be bound or free • can change the part of speech of a word

  7. Introduction to Linguistics • Open and Closed Class Words

  8. Introduction to Linguistics • Open and Closed Class Words • Open:

  9. Introduction to Linguistics • Open and Closed Class Words • Open: • In the majority • can have an “unlimited” number of words created from them • ex: gork - gorker, gorking, gorked, gorks

  10. Introduction to Linguistics • Open and Closed Class Words • Closed

  11. Introduction to Linguistics • Open and Closed Class Words • Closed • Few or no words can be created from them. • Include conjunctions and prepositions

  12. Introduction to Linguistics • New Words:

  13. Introduction to Linguistics • New Words: • Coining new words • Acronyms

  14. Introduction to Linguistics • New Words: • Coining new words • Acronyms • radar (radio detecting and ranging) • laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation)

  15. Introduction to Linguistics • New Words: • Coining new words • Acronyms • radar (radio detecting and ranging) • laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) • Abbreviation or shortening

  16. Introduction to Linguistics • New Words: • Coining new words • Acronyms • radar (radio detecting and ranging) • laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) • Abbreviation or shortening • PC, CD, Dr., Mrs.,

  17. Introduction to Linguistics • New Words: • Coining new words • Acronyms • radar (radio detecting and ranging) • laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) • Abbreviation or shortening • PC, CD, Dr., Mrs., • Clipping • fax, photo op

  18. Introduction to Linguistics • New Words: • Coining new words • Acronyms • radar (radio detecting and ranging) • laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) • Abbreviation or shortening • PC, CD, Dr., Mrs. • Clipping • fax, photo op • Blending • motel, edutainment

  19. Introduction to Linguistics • New Words: • Meaning Change

  20. Introduction to Linguistics • New Words: • Meaning Change • Generification • xerox, kleenex

  21. Introduction to Linguistics • New Words: • Meaning Change • Generification • xerox, kleenex • Category change • to porch the paper, to people an island • Metaphorical extension • “Let me chew on those new ideas”

  22. Introduction to Linguistics • New Words: • Compounds and Compounding

  23. Introduction to Linguistics • New Words: • Compounds and Compounding • noun + noun: landlord, chain-smoker • adjective + noun: high chair, wildfire • preposition + noun : overdose, underdog • verb + noun: scarecrow, go-cart • adj + adj.: red-hot, bittersweet • noun + adj.: sky-blue, earthbound • preposition + verb: overstuff, underfeed

  24. Introduction to Linguistics • New Words: • Compounds and Compounding • Meaning of compounds cannot always be predicted: • Bigfoot vs. bigwig • alligator shoes vs. horseshoes

  25. Introduction to Linguistics • New Words: • Morphological analysis

  26. Introduction to Linguistics • New Words: • Morphological analysis • Phonological change: initiate - initiation

  27. Introduction to Linguistics • New Words: • Morphological analysis • Phonological change: initiate - initiation • Category change: verb to noun

  28. Introduction to Linguistics • New Words: • Morphological analysis • Phonological change: initiate - initiation • Category change: verb to noun • Semantic change

  29. Introduction to Linguistics • New Words: • Backformation

  30. Introduction to Linguistics • New Words: • Backformation • resurrection to resurrect • preemption to preempt • burglar burgle • laser to lase • backformation backforming

  31. Introduction to Linguistics • Inflectional vs. Derivational Morphology

  32. Introduction to Linguistics • Inflectional vs. Derivational Morphology • Inflectional • Most languages have some form of inflection, morphemes which deal more with syntactic function than the creation of new words • English: walk, walks, walked • Irish: garsún, garsúin • Latvian: akmens, akmenim, akmeni, akmen§ • Welsh: amdanaf, amdanat, amdano...

  33. Introduction to Linguistics • Inflectional vs. Derivational Morphology • Derivational • Looks at compounds and new word creation, and generally involves at least two of the analytical markers we mentioned earlier (category change, phonological change, semantic change) • Modern, modernize, modernizer

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