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The Tudors By Lauren Doyle
Introduction • Five hundred years ago the world was a very different place. We were only just realizing that America existed and we had no idea about Australia. England (including the Principality of Wales) and Scotland were separate kingdoms, each with their own royal family.
Who were the Tudors? • The Tudors were a Welsh-English family that ruled England and Wales from 1485 to 1603 - one of the most exciting periods of British history. They ruled for 118 yearsand when they were ruling they encouraged new religious ideas, overseas exploration and colonisation. (Which means they learned to about different groups overseas.)
Henry VII Ruled 1485-1509 • Age 25-52 • Great x3 grandson of Edward III • Married Elizabeth (daughter of Edward IV) • Seven children • Buried in Westminster abbey • Henry Tudor became King Henry Vll of England and Wales after defeating Richard lll at the Battle of Bosworth in August 1485. This battle saw the end of the Wars of the Roses which had brought instability to England.
Henry VIII Ruled 1509-1547 • Age18-56. • Second son of Henry VII. • Married Catherine of Aragon (Spanish), Anne Boleyn (English), Jane Seymour (English), Anne of Cleves (Flemish-Belgian), Catherine Howard (English), Catherine Parr (English). • Three children • Buried in Windsor Castle. • Henry Vlll is probably the most well known of the Tudor kings. He was a very selfish person and by the end of his life everyone was afraid of him, mainly because of his ruthless behaviour toward anyone who didn't agree with him.
King Edward VI Ruled 1547-1553 • Age 10-16. • Son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour. • Unmarried. • Died from tuberculosis. Also known as TB. • Buried in Westminster Abbey. • Edward was the only son of Henry VIII. • Edward VI became king at the age of nine upon the death of his father, Henry Vlll. He was known as 'The Boy King'. His mother was Jane Seymour, Henry Vlll's third wife. • Edward was a sickly child and the country was run by his protectors: firstly, the Duke of Somerset, his mother's brother, then by the Duke of Northumberland. Edward enjoyed reading about battles and writing Greek. Edward died at the age of 16 in 1553.
Queen Mary I Ruled 1553-1558 • Age 37-42. • Daughter of Henry VIII and Catharine of Aragón. • Married Philip (Spanish). • No Children. • Buried in Westminster. • Why was Mary Called Bloody Mary? She is known as Bloody Mary because of the numbers of people who were executed for being Protestants. Mary burned nearly three hundred Protestants at the stake when they refused to give up their religion.
Elizabeth I Ruled 1558-1603 • Age 25-69. • Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. • Unmarried. • Buried in Westminster Abbey. • Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich Palace on 7 September 1533, the younger daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. When Elizabeth came to the throne, she was 25. She succeeded to the throne on her half-sister's death in November 1558.
Lady Jane Grey Ruled for only 9 days • Jane Grey granddaughter of Henry 8th younger sister Mary whose daughter Francis married Henry Grey. • Henry 8th had specified that in the event of Edward dying early that firstly his daughter Mary should reign and secondly is daughter Elizabeth, but Edward changed it on his deathbed. • While Edward was still alive his ministers persuaded him to make a will naming Lady Jane Grey his successor to the throne. She was a Protestant unlike Edward's half sister Mary (Henry VIII's eldest daughter) who was Catholic. The ministers wanted to keep England a Protestant country. Lady Jane Grey ruled for only 9 days before Mary had her arrested and later executed.
Sports • A few of the sports played back in Tudor times included; Jousting, Hunting(bear hunting, deer hunting etc.), football, tennis(the tennis was normally played inside so the ball was made of leather shells filled with hair) and Shuffle board.
Clothes • Clothes were a means of displaying how wealthy a person was. Rich people could afford clothing made of fine wool, linen or silk. Their clothes were decorated with jewels and embroidered with gold thread. No rich person felt properly dressed to impress unless he or she was wearing a ruff. Like so many Tudor clothes, it gave a strong signal about the wealth and importance of the person wearing it .Rich ladies wore padded skirts held up with loops. Over these went bodices and colourful floor-length gowns. Rich men wore white silk shirts, frilled at the neck and wrists. Over this they wore a doublet (a bit like a tight-fitting jacket), and close-fitting striped trousers (called hose).Everyone wore their hair shoulder length.
Schools • Not many children went to school in Tudor times. Those that did go were mainly the sons of wealthy or working families who could afford to pay the attendance fee. Boys began school at the age of 4 and moved to grammar school when they were 7. Girls were either kept at home by their parents to help with housework or sent out to work to bring money in for the family.
Food • The Tudor people ate a lot of fresh food because there was no way of storing food to be eaten later. There was no such thing as freezers or fridges in the Tudor times. • They ate with fingers, knives and spoons. There were no forks.
Entertainment • In the Tudor times many people had to make their own entertainment. There were no computers, televisions and mp3 players and very few people could read. • Without electricity, often people got up early in the morning when it was light and went to bed when it was dark. They worked most of the day and week and so much entertainment was saved until Sundays. The one day of the week when most people didn't work.
Crime and Execution • There were no police during the Tudor times. However, laws were harsh and wrongdoing was severely punished. In Tudor times the punishments were very, very cruel. People believed if a criminal’s punishment was severe and painful enough, the act would not be repeated and others would deter from crime as well.
Crime and Execution • Methods of execution • Beheading: This was a punishment that resulted in your head being chopped off! The heads were sometimes placed on spikes along London Bridge or other places. • Hanging: A piece of rope was put around the neck making it hard for the person to breathe. The person would be hung from the rope until he/she had stopped breathing and was dead. People were hung for crimes such as stealing, treason, rebellion, riot or murder.
Crime and Execution • Burning: Women found guilty of either treason or petty treason were sentenced to be burned alive at the stake • Pressed: Being crushed. • Boiled alive: For attempting to murdering someone you could be boiled alive in a big bowl of boiling water.
Crime and Execution • Lesser punishments for committing crimeincluded • Whipping: Many towns had a whipping post. The victim was chained to the post, stripped to the waist and whipped.You could be whipped for stealing a loaf of bread!
Crime and Execution • Branding with hot irons: Hot irons were used to burn letters onto the skin of offenders hand, arm or cheek. A murderer would be branded with the letter 'M', vagrants with the letter 'V', and thieves with the letter "T". • The pillory: The pillory was a T shaped block of wood with holes for the hands in the crossbar of the T. The person being punished would have to stand in the device in the middle of the market to be ridiculed by passersby.
Crime and Execution • The ducking stool punishment for women: Accused witches were dunked into a river, to see if they were innocent or guilty. If they floated, they were considered guilty and burnt at the stake. If they sank, they were innocent but died anyway, by drowning. Either way, they perished.
Crime and Execution • The brank: The brank was a punishment enacted on women who gossiped or spoke too freely. It was a large iron framework placed on the head of the offender, forming a type of cage. There was a metal strip on the brank that fit into the mouth and was either sharpened to a point or covered with spikes so that any movement of the tongue was certain to cause severe injuries to the mouth.
Crime and Execution • Limbs cut off: Some people who stole things from shops had their hands cut off. • The drunkard’s cloak: This was a punishment for public drunkenness. The drunk was forced to wear a barrel and wander through town while the villagers jeer at him. Holes were cut in the barrel for the person's hands and head, causing it to become like a heavy, awkward shirt.
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