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Genitive Singular or Nominative Plural?

Genitive Singular or Nominative Plural?. By: Patrick Cheiban. In the First and Second Declensions, the genitive singular and the nominative plural endings are the same: 1 st Dec. S P Nom: Puella Puell ae

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Genitive Singular or Nominative Plural?

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  1. Genitive Singular or Nominative Plural? By: Patrick Cheiban

  2. In the First and Second Declensions, the genitive singular and the nominative plural endings are the same: 1st Dec. S P Nom: PuellaPuellae Gen: PuallaePuellarum 2nd Dec. S P Nom: Lupus Lupi Gen: LupiLuporum

  3. How to Distinguish the Two There are a number of ways that you can distinguish them. To decide which case is used, you must look for further clues.

  4. Example 1 • Lupi in arboremcurrunt. • Translation: The Wolves run into the tree. • “Lupi” is nominative plural because it is the only noun in the sentence that could possibly be nominative and the plural, 3rd person verb “Currunt” describes what the wolves are doing.

  5. Example 2 • Pater Sextiin Asia est. • Translation: The father of Sextus is in Asia. • The reason why “Sexti” is genitive is because the verb “est” is singular, therefore “Pater” is the only thing it can describe. Also, if they were both part of the subject, the would be connected by a conjunction such as “et,” but they are not, so “Sexti” must be Genitive.

  6. Example 3 • In Hortodominiservisaepelaborant. • Translation: The master ‘s slaves often work in the garden • “Servi” and “Domini” can not both be nominative because they are not connected by a conjunction like “et.” • The syntax of the sentence suggests that the noun “servi” is connected to laborant. In this case, “domini” must be genitive singular and “servi” must be nominative plural.

  7. Example 4 • In agrisdomini servos iubent. • Translation: The masters order the slaves in the fields. • “Domini” is nominative plural because it’s the only word in the sentence that would make sense as a subject.

  8. Example 5 • In villa puerisedent. • Translation 1: The boys sit in the country house. • Translation 2: They sit in the boy’s country house. • “Pueri” could be nominative plural or genitive singular. The only way you can tell the difference is through context clues.

  9. Exersicises • Tell if the underlined word in each sentence is nominative plural or genitive singular. • Celeriterredeuntservi. • Lupi in arbore se celat. • In villa dominiservicelerrimelaborant. • PilaSexti Cornelia excipet. • Lupi in hortosunt.

  10. Answers • Nominative • Nominative • Genitive • Genitive • Nominative

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