Singular & Plural

1. Singular & Plural Toomas Aaskivi CRJG

2. Singular & Plural • The plural of most nouns is formed by adding –s to the singular. • tent – tents • tree - trees • shark -sharks

3. Some special cases 1 • If the noun ends in consonant + y , the plural is normally made by changing -y to -i and adding –es. • lady – ladies • party - parties

4. Some special cases 2 • IF the noun ends in vowel +y , the plural is made by adding –s • donkeys • days

5. Some special cases 3 • Proper names have plurals in –ys • Februarys • The Kennedys

6. Some special cases 4 • If the singular ends in –sh, -ch, -s, -x, -z, - es is added. • boxes • churches • crashes

7. Some special cases 5 • Some nouns ending in –o have plurals in –es. • negro – negroes • echo – echoes • tomato - tomatoes

8. Some special cases 6 • Nouns ending in vowel +o have plurals in –s • radio – radios • zoo - zoos

9. Other irregular plurals • man – men, • child – children • goose – geese • person - people

10. Plural same as singular • means – means • series – series • crossroads - crossroads

11. Foreign words with special plurals. • cactus – cacti • basis – bases • kibbutz - kibbutzim

12. Noun + adverb combination • In noun + adverb combinations, the plural –s is usually added to the noun. • passer-by - passers-by • runner-up - runners-up

13. No singular • Some plurals have no singular forms. • glasses • jeans • oats