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Make a World of Difference. In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco USA at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to draw up the United Nations Charter.
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In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco • USA at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to draw up the United Nations Charter. • It was ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and a majority of other signatories. • As a result, the United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945.
United Nations has been working with states leaders in three major global governance areas - Human Rights, Peace Keeping, and Sustainable Development In September 2000 at the Millennium Summit, the largest gathering of world leaders in history, the UN Millennium Declaration was adopted, committing their nations to a new global partnership to reduce extreme poverty and outlining a series of time-bound targets known as the Millennium Development Goals with a deadline set for 2015.
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are the world's time-bound and quantified targets for addressing extreme poverty in its many dimensions-income poverty, hunger, disease, lack of adequate shelter, and exclusion-while promoting gender equality, education, and environmental sustainability. They are also basic human rights, the rights of each person on the planet to health, education, shelter, and security.
Millennium Development Goals (MDGS) is a shared vision among all of international leaders. Due to these goals, they all know what development is about and they all know what needs to be done The Millennium Development goals are, in my understanding, the most important global governance that each and every International Organization, Non Governmental Organization and world leaders should work towards to. It is and expansion of the UN global Governance in Human Highs, Peace Keeping, and Sustainable Development http://video.dcccd.edu/Model_UN/UN_Prgm31B.wmv
Reduce by half the proportion of people living on less than a dollar a day. • B. Reduce by half the proportion of people who suffer fromhunger.
More than 30 per cent of children in developing countries – about 600 million – live on less than US $1 a day.
Every 3.6 seconds one person dies of starvation. Usually it is a child under the age of 5. Poverty hits children hardest and it creates an environment that is damaging to children’s development in every way – mental, physical, emotional and spiritual.
Some 300 million children go to bed hungry every day. Of these, only eight percent are victims of famine or other emergency situations. More than 90 per cent are suffering long-term malnourishment and micronutrient deficiency
2.1) Ensure all boys and girls complete a full course of primary schooling. As of 2001 estimates around 115 million children of primary school age, the majority of them girls, do not attend school.
Two-thirds of the world’s 799 million illiterate adults ages 15 and over are women. Practices such as early marriage or poor health services result in high rates of maternal mortality. Some 121 million children are not in school, most of them girls. They are chosen over the boys to do housework, to take younger siblings and to fetch water instead of going to school. Girls will also most likely be withdrawn from school early in adolescence as the age of marriage approaches.
Educated mothers immunize their children 50 per cent more often than mothers who are not educated, and their children have a 40 per cent higher survival rate. Moreover, mothers who have had some education are more than twice as likely to send their own children to school, as are mothers with no education. Educating girls is the single most effective policy to raise overall economic productivity, lower infant and maternal mortality, educate the next generation, improve nutrition and promote health. In fact, there are an estimated 60-100 million fewer women alive today than there would be in a world without gender discrimination and without social norms that favor sons.
Tens of millions of children across the globe are victims of exploitation, abuse and violence each year. They are abducted from their homes and schools and recruited into armed conflicts, exploited sexually, or trafficked and forced to work in abominable conditions. Girls in particular are vulnerable, particularly when not in school. Girls also suffer from abuses that may have their society’s mandate, but severely curtail their rights: they are victims of violence in the home, they aren’t allowed to attend school, are forced into early marriage, or to undergo genital mutilation.
4.1) Reduce by two thirds, the mortality rate among children under five Around 270 million children, just over 14 per cent of all children in developing countries, have no access to health care services. About 29,000 children under the age of five – 21 each minute – die every day mainly from preventable causes. Research and experience show that six million of the almost 11 million children who die each year could be saved by vaccines, antibiotics, micronutrient supplementation, insecticide-treated bed nets and improved family care and breastfeeding practices.
Some 529,000 women died giving birth last year, 99 per cent of them in developing countries. For each birth-related death, 30 other women were injured or disabled. A woman in sub-Saharan Africa has a 1 in 16 chance of dying in pregnancy or childbirth, compared to a 1 in 4,000 risk in a developed country – the largest difference between poor and rich countries of any health indicator. The direct causes of maternal deaths are hemorrhaged, infection, obstructed labor, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, and complications of unsafe abortion.
6.1) Halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS. 6.2) Halt and begin to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases
Globally, 2.3 million children are living with HIV. In 2005, around 380,000 children died of AIDS and 540,000 children got newly infected. Over 15 million children have lost one or both parents to AIDS. Another target in this area is increasing the rate of children sleeping under mosquito nets to at least 60 per cent in malaria-endemic areas. Malaria is responsible for 10 per cent of all under-five deaths in developing countries. In some countries in sub-Saharan Africa, HIV prevalence among teenage girls is five times higher than among teenage boys. The danger of infection is highest among the poorest and least powerful; particularly children who live among violence suffer sexual exploitation or have been orphaned by HIV/AIDS.
7.1) Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs; reverse loss of environmental resources 7.2) Reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water 7.3) Achieve significant improvement in lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers, by 2020
Out of 100 people in developing countries, 17 will not have safe drinking water (43 in sub-Saharan Africa) and 42 will not have adequate sanitation facilities. A child dies every 15 seconds from disease attributable to unsafe drinking water, deplorable sanitation and poor hygiene. As of 2002, one in six people worldwide – 1.1 billion total – had no access to clean water. About 400 million of these are children. Four of ten people worldwide don't have access to even a simple latrine. And more than 614 million children have to live in dwellings with more than five people per room with mud flooring. http://www.endpoverty2015.org/climate-change/tv
8.1) Develop further an open trading and financial system that is rule-based, predictable and non-discriminatory, includes a commitment to good governance, development and poverty reduction— nationally and internationally 8.2) Address the least developed countries' special needs. This includes tariff- and quota-free access for their exports; enhanced debt relief for heavily indebted poor countries; cancellation of official bilateral debt; and more generous official development assistance for countries committed to poverty reduction 8.3) Address the special needs of landlocked and Small Island developing States
8.4) Deal comprehensively with developing countries' debt problems through national and international measures to make debt sustainable in the long term 8.5) In cooperation with the developing countries, develop decent and productive work for youth 8.6) In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries 8.7) In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies— especially information and communications technologies
Millennium Development Goals Monitor: http://www.mdgmonitor.org/
Noeli Piccoli Biggs Richland College International Programs Coordinator International Education and Partnership 972.860.5101 noelibiggs@dcccd.edu http://www.rlc.dcccd.edu/internationaled/
