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Blow, E, Meth and Ice: The Psychomotor Stimulants

Blow, E, Meth and Ice: The Psychomotor Stimulants. Psychology 3506. Introduction. Amphetamine D and l, different isomers Both together, Benzadrine Just d, Dexedrine NMDA Ecstacy Methamphetamine Speed. Introduction. Methylphenidrate Ritalin Ephidrine natural Cocaine Coca leaves

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Blow, E, Meth and Ice: The Psychomotor Stimulants

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  1. Blow, E, Meth and Ice:The Psychomotor Stimulants Psychology 3506

  2. Introduction • Amphetamine • D and l, different isomers • Both together, Benzadrine • Just d, Dexedrine • NMDA • Ecstacy • Methamphetamine • Speed

  3. Introduction • Methylphenidrate • Ritalin • Ephidrine • natural • Cocaine • Coca leaves • Cathinone • Qat or chat or khat or whatever…….

  4. Introduction • All of these are psychomotor stimulants • Operate on the monoamines • E NE DA 5Ht • Which monoamine and how depends on the drug

  5. Introduction • Ecstacy and Speed Coke

  6. A Little History • Coca leaves have been chewed for thousands of years in South America • Active ingredient was isolated • It cures everything and its fun!!!!!! • Robert Louis Stevenson, Freud, Czar Nicholas II, Henrik Ibsen, Popes. • Big in the patent medicine business

  7. Coke adds Life, and a wicked High! The choice of a new generation!

  8. History • Ephidrine has been around for a long time • Synthetic too! • Pseudoephidrine, popular among athletes • Chat (or whatever spelling you prefer) has been taken for ages in Somalia, Ethiopia etc • Now it is popular (when refined) in Russia • Jeff

  9. Administration and Absorption • Oral, more constant • Injection or snort, get a big rushCocaine HCl • Testing for purity showed you could smoke it • Crack! • Peak concentration from 30 min to 3 hr after taking amphetamine

  10. Administration and Absorption • Probably more rapid from smoking • Crosses the barriers • Excreted in urine • Metabolized by the liver • Coke has a half life of about 40 min

  11. Neruphysiology and Effects • Transmitter Leakage • CA + 5Ht • Increase in amount released • Ecstasy does this with 5Ht • Block reuptake • Coke does this only • In PNS E is released

  12. Neurophysiology and Effects • Increases the release of DA in accumens • Reward system again • Cocaine can act as a local as it blocks Na ion channels • Effects • Heart rate increases • Dilation of blood vessels

  13. Neurophysiology and Effects • Effectss (continued) • Headaches • Dry mouth • Weight loss • Disrupts sleep • REM rebound later

  14. Behavioural Effects • Cocaine and speed are indistinguishable • Feels good • More energy • Clear mind • Come down later • “Rush” • Speed lasts longer than coke

  15. Behavioural Effects • Punding • Sstereotyped behviour • Amphetamine psychosis • Happily, it clears up • DA? • Violence • Sensation gets better • Flicker fusion

  16. Behavioural Effects • Eliminates fatigue effects on Reaction Time • Flight simulator! • Overlearned taks • Athletci Performance too • Tested for in competition • Sudafed and NHL players

  17. Behavioural Effects • Nonhumans • Increase in SMA • Stereotypical behaviour (like punding maybe) • automutilation • Increases FI, decreases FR responding • Same sort of dynamic effect happens with negatively reinforced behaviour.

  18. Behvioural Effects • Nonhumans (continued) • Dissociative effects too • Discriminable from saline

  19. Tolerance • Acute tolerance develops quickly to cocaine • Appetite suppressing effects disappear • So do lethal effects • Psychosis, stereotypical behaviour show negative tolerance • Sensitivity? • Withdrawal not that bad • Letdown, amphetamine deppression

  20. Administration • Cocaine • Snorted, smoked injected • speed • Run and crash • Or small does • injected • Ecstasy • pills

  21. Administration: Non humans • If constantly available monkeys will stop for periods • If limited they’ll titrate • Rats will self-administer • Important for understanding reward model

  22. Bad Stuffl • Liver damage • Paranoia • Hallucinations • Tremors • Weight loss

  23. Bad Stuff • Indirect effects • Birth Defects? • Crack Babies? • OD

  24. Treatment • Detox • Contracting • SSRIs, MAOIs etc

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