Organizational Patterns

1. Organizational Patterns Reading Professor Charlene Koonin

2. What are Organizational Patterns? • Parts fitting together to create a whole

3. Why Do Writers Use Organizational Patterns? • Creates cohesiveness • Connects Main Ideas and Details • Helps readers understand • Maintains audience interest • Avoids digressions

4. How Do Patterns Benefit Readers? • Follow an author’s ideas • Focus on the main idea • See relationship between details • Make predictions about the next details • Remember information

5. What Else About Patterns? • Used in expository and informative writing • Determined by the author’s purpose • Can have single or multiple patterns within a single paragraph • Contain Signal Words

6. Organizational Patterns SIMPLE LISTING DEFINITION/EXPLANATION CAUSE -- EFFECT COMPARISON/CONTRAST STATEMENT & CLARIFICATION CLASSIFICATION Generalization- Illustration /example Summary

7. What is a Simple Listing Pattern ? • Details given in list order CHRONOLOGICAL--TIME ORDER- SEQUENCE ENUMERATION—ADDITION- SIMPLE LIST SPATIAL/PLACE ORDER OF IMPORTANCE

8. CHRONOLOGICAL TIME ORDER 11:10 AM 3:10 PM 7:00 PM Chronological Time Order. The major supporting details occur in a very specific sequence. The order of the details can NOT be interchanged.

9. First, second, and so on; next, then, today, yesterday, finally, 1991,1992, after, before previously once, meanwhile • Chronological Signal Words

10. ADDITION, ENUMERATION SIMPLE LIST Addition, Enumeration, Simple List. The major supporting details occur in ANY sequence. The order of the details CAN be interchanged.

11. Enumeration Signal Words • Also, in addition further, another furthermore, moreover, besides,a number of

12. Spatial Simple List Spatial Simple List is when the major supporting details list how places or objects are related to each other in a given area or space. The passage gives details about the location of geographical areas or the relationship of objects to each other.

13. Spatial Signal Words • To the right, to the left, on top, above, under, below, inside, next to • North, South, East, West

14. Order of Importance Signal Words • Most important • Less important • Least important

15. What is a Cause and Effect Organizational Pattern? • Cause • What makes something happen • What leads to the event • What causes the event • Effect • Results of the action • Consequences

16. Cause results in effect Cause and Effect Signal Words • Cause • Because, since, as, the reason for this, a cause • Effect • As a result, thus, consequently, so, hence, therefore, one outcome, an effect • Combined • If (cause), then (effect)

17. What is a Clarification Pattern? • Saying the same thing a number of ways • Examining its meaning a second, third, or fourth time in attempt to make clear • Referred to asstatement and clarification/EXAMLPE or generalization and clarification/EXAMPLE

18. Clearly In other words As a matter of fact Evidently Indeed In fact Obviously Of course Too • Clarification Signal Words

19. Webster What is a Definition And Explanation Pattern? • Explains or describes a topic, idea, or process that the author thinks unclear • Sounds like a dictionary entry • Includes classification sometimes • Elaborates on an explanation

20. Definition and Explanation Signal Words is, in other words, refers to, means

21. What is the Comparison and Contrast Pattern? • Shows similarities (comparisons) • Shows differences (contrasts)

22. Comparison In the same way, similarly, likewise, both, in comparison Contrast Although, on the other hand, however, on the contrary, but, instead, conversely, in contrast, yet, unlike Comparison and Contrast Signals Words

23. What is aClassification Pattern? • Groups or categorizes individual members according to shared characteristics that exist or the writer creates

24. Classification Signal Words • Kinds • Types • Categories • Groups • Sorts

25. Summary • A summary is a series of brief, concise statements. These statements should include the authors main idea and major supporting details. Minor supporting details should not be included in a summary. • To summarize this presentation we will revisit the main points in the next slide.

26. Simple Listing Cause and Effect Statement & Clarification Generalization- Illustration/ Example Definition/ Explanation Comparison/ Contrast Classification Summary The Writer’s Organizational Patterns Revisited