BULGARIA

1. Project “Nature and its magic sounds” 2012-2014 BULGARIA 22-27.04.2013 Kaiseri, Turkey Dobrich Private Language School “Leonardo da Vinci” POLLUTION OF AIR, WATER AND SOIL

2. WE WILL LEARN: • What does a pollutant mean? • Which substances pollute air, water and soil? • Which human activities cause pollution? • What health and environmental damages are caused by pollutants? • How could we prevent or limit them? POLLUTION - BULGARIA – 1

3. WHAT IS A POLLUTANT ? We present mechanical and chemical pollution in this presentation. POLLUTION - BULGARIA – 2

4. AIR POLLUTION • Air pollution is caused by cars, planes, factories, electric power stations, use of coal for heating, decomposition of wastes, the wastes from animal farms. • The main polluting substances are CO2, CO, hydrocarbons, methane, aldehydes, SO2, nitrous oxides, aerosol of heavy metals, like lead. The presence of pollutants such as phenol, H2SandNH3is also being kept record of in Bulgaria too. NO2 CO2 SO2 Pbaerozol CH4 CO NO2 NO POLLUTION - BULGARIA – 3

5. IMPACT ON HUMAN HEALTH • Air pollution is harmful because it can be diffused at a great distance. The polluting substances fall on the ground with rain, and then plants absorb them and pollutants get into the food. • Air pollutants have been linked to a range of adverse health effects, including respiratory infections, cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer. • Reduction of air pollution levels will decrease the incidence of these illnesses globally. STOP! POLLUTION - BULGARIA – 4

6. WATER – A PRECONDITION FOR LIFE Water is all around us: oceans and seas, rivers and lakes, it is an essential part of everyday life and human survival on our planet. Water provides living environment and food for millions of plants and animals. Water is a treasure which we have to save and cherish. The development of industry has led to grave pollution of water for the past decades. POLLUTION - BULGARIA – 5

7. POLLUTION OF SEAS AND OCEANS Agents Consequences Food pollution, which causes food poisoning and cerebral problems Exhaustion of oxygen Sea animals eat wastes and die • Toxic substanceswhich flow out of waste depots, dung-hills, mines and farms • Extraction of oil and natural gas from the seafloor • Using the sea as a rubbish bin POLLUTION - BULGARIA – 6

8. POLLUTION OF THE SEAS AND OCEANS Agents Consequences Poisoning and loss of aqua species Spreading diseases such as cholera, typhoid, etc. • The outpour of waste water into the oceans • Nonpoint source pollution from the industry and farming POLLUTION - BULGARIA – 7

9. THE STRUCTURE OF SOIL • Soil is the thin layer of organic and inorganic materials that covers the Earth's rocky surface. • The uppermost soil layer has been forming for about 1000 to 10 000 years. • Soil is a nonrenewable resource. • Soil is a complicated system. • The structure of soil: The biologically active layer of soil The humus layer – 10 to 25 centimetres The layer in which roots of plants develop – 35 to 40centimetres The rock layer – 40-50 centimetres to 250-300 POLLUTION - BULGARIA – 8

10. SOIL POLLUTION Soil pollution can be defined as the build-up in soils of persistent toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive materials or disease causing agents which have adverse effect on plant growth and animal health. • Human activities: • Pollution due to urbanization; • Industrial waste; • Agricultural soil pollution - excessive application of pesticides, herbicides or fertilizers; • Waste water from industry , cities and farms. POLLUTION - BULGARIA – 9

11. BASIC POLLUTANTS Research shows that every year metallurgic factories around the world dump approximately: Hg Pb Co Zn Ni Cu As Cu – Cooper - 154 thousand tons; Zn – Zinc -121  thousand tons; Pb – Lead – 89 thousand tons; Ni – Nickel – 12 thousand tons; Co – Cobalt– 765 tons; Mo – Molybdenum -1500 tons; Hg – Mercury - 30,5 tons. Those elements pass into the underground water. These can damage the normal activities and ecological balance in the underground soiland provoke health problems. Mo POLLUTION - BULGARIA – 10

12. THE CURRENT SITUATION – RIVERS IN BULGARIA 2 The Osam river The Yantra river Most Bulgarian rivers are not polluted. More polluted are the Osam river, Yantrariver, Maritsa river and Arda river. The main causes of pollution are waste water from industry, cities and farms. The rivers are polluted the most in the lower reaches. The Maritsa river The Arda river POLLUTION - BULGARIA – 11

13. THE CURRENT SITUATION – SOIL IN BULGARIA Level of pollution: Only 0,9% of soil is polluted. Zn, Cu, Cd Pb, As Up to twice the acceptable level of pollution Pb, As Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, As Zn, Cu, Cd More than twice the acceptable level of pollution Pb, Cd Zn, Cu, As No matter how small Bulgaria is, it has a variety of types of soil. POLLUTION - BULGARIA – 12

14. ARE WE GOING TO LET THAT HAPPEN? POLLUTION - BULGARIA – 13

15. WHAT SHOULD BE DONE? • Cleaning of waste water, minimizing of loss of water, reusing purified water for irrigation. • Reducing the use of pesticides and encouraging organic farming. • More forest areas and parks near cities. • Stricter control over waste dumping and more recycling. • Plus a lot more… There are plenty of laws and international agreements aimed at reduction of pollution. However, laws can only be effective if we obey them. Otherwise human health and life on our planet are in great danger. POLLUTION - BULGARIA – 14

16. AS EARLY AS TODAY WE CAN … save water stop wasting food plant a tree separate our rubbish cycle to school The most important: we have to do it every day POLLUTION - BULGARIA – 15

17. Best regards from the bulgarian team

18. Project “Nature and its magic sounds” 2012-2014 • This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. • This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.’ • Този проект е финансиран с подкрепата на Европейската комисия. • Тази презентация отразява само личните виждания на нейния автор и от Комисията не може да бъде търсена отговорност за използването на съдържащата се в нея информация.