Chapter 24 Section 3

1. Chapter 24Section 3 The Ford and Carter Years

2. How would you react if someone committed a crime against you and was not punished for it? Why did President Ford believe it was in the best interest of the nation to pardon President Nixon? How might the country have been affected if a former United States president had gone on trial for possible criminal wrongdoing? If you had been in President Ford’s position, would you have pardoned Richard Nixon? Why or why not? Write About It

3. Q - Why was Ford’s call for voluntary actions to help the economy unsuccessful? Whip Inflation Now A - Many Americans had little faith in their government and so were less likely to make personal sacrifices (cut back on oil and gas use) at government suggestion. Ford Travels a Rough Road

4. Q – What were Gerald Ford’s greatest successes as president? A – Ford helped the nation move beyond Watergate and also negotiated the Helsinki Accords 35 nations, including the Soviet Union Series of agreements that promised greater cooperation between the nations of Eastern and Western Europe Ford Travels a Rough Road

5. The Ford Administration Unelected president Nixon pardon Whip Inflation Now program Economic recession Mayagüez incident – attempt to rescue 39 members of a merchant crew seized by Cambodia in the Gulf of Siam. Some argued the mission cost more lives (41) than it saved. Helsinki Accords Ford Travels a Rough Road

6. Q – What factors played a significant role in Carter’s election? A – Carter’s personality and sense of morality, as well as his direct campaign style. Carter Enters the White House

7. Q – How did the National Energy Act help ease America’s energy crisis? A – The act placed a tax on gas-guzzling cars, encouraged the development of alternative energy sources, and removed price controls on oil and natural gas produced in the United States. Carter’s Domestic Agenda

8. National Energy Act

9. National Energy Act

10. Q – What factors played a role in America’s economic stagnation? A – The technological revolution and growing over-seas competition. Fewer high-paying manufacturing jobs Rise in lower-paying service sector jobs Pacific Rim competition (iron, steel, rubber, clothing, automobiles) Carter’s Domestic Agenda

11. Q – What criticisms were made of Carter’s foreign-policy philosophy? Realpolitik – the policy of negotiating with powerful nations despite their behavior. President Carter – Strived for a foreign policy committed to human rights. Human Rights – the freedoms and liberties listed n the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of rights. A Human Rights Foreign Policy A – It undercut Cold War alliances and was inconsistent in its treatment of dictators.

12. Q – What led to the collapse of détente with the Soviet Union? A – Carter’s concern over the Soviets’ human rights violations and their invasion of Afghanistan. A Human Rights Foreign Policy

13. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 caused perhaps 3 million Afghan refugees flooded into Pakistan. After the Russians left there was a long period of warlord vs. warlord chaos, followed finally by the coming of the Taliban. There is still unrest in the country in the wake of the ouster of the Taliban by U.S. forces. Afghans are returning to their villages and cities in substantial numbers now, but many Afghans still prefer the relative safety of the border areas of northwestern Pakistan to their homes in Afghanistan. A Human Rights Foreign Policy

14. Q – What was the significance of the Camp David Accords? A – It was the first signed agreement between Israel and an Arab Country. Triumph and Crisis in the Middle East Anwar el-Sadat – President of Egypt Jimmy Carter - President of the United States of America Menachem Begin – Prime Minister of Israel

15. 1978 Israel negotiates peace treaty with Egypt According to the Camp David accords Israel agrees to withdraw from the Sinai in return for peace. It also agrees to offer autonomy for the Palestinians living under Israeli occupation in the Gaza Strip and Jordan's West Bank. Later this same year, Israel attacked Lebanon, killing hundreds of civilians and rapidly seizing large territories. After stalling on a UN resolution to withdraw, they withdrew their troops but handed over "their" territory to Major Saad Haddad, an Israeli ally in Lebanon, who allowed Israeli troops to continue using the territory while keeping UN peacekeepers out. Triumph and Crisis in the Middle East http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.stardestroyer.net/Mike/RantMode/map_1982.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.stardestroyer.net/Mike/RantMode/MiddleEast-2.shtml&h=437&w=245&sz=12&hl=en&start=8&um=1&tbnid=uc7vN8Jzd8TgTM:&tbnh=126&tbnw=71&prev=/images%3Fq%3DCamp%2BDavid%2BAccords%2Bmap%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26rls%3DADBS,ADBS:2007-06,ADBS:en

17. 1979 – US backed Shaw of Iran (Pres. Eisenhower supported his rise to power in Iran) faces rising resentment at home due to widespread corruption and dictatorial tactics. 1979 – Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini leads Iranian revolution, overthrowing the shaw and establishing a theocracy based on Islamic law. Triumph and Crisis in the Middle East

18. January 1979, the shah flees Iran October 1979, President Carter allows the shah to enter the U.S. for cancer treatment. Triumph and Crisis in the Middle East

19. November 4. 1979 – armed Iranian students seize the U.S. embassy in Tehran, taking 52 American hostages. January 20, 1981 – after 444 days of negotiating by the Carter administration, the hostages are released as Ronald Reagan is sworn in as president. Triumph and Crisis in the Middle East