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OPERATIONS Light-Sport Aircraft

OPERATIONS Light-Sport Aircraft. SPORT PILOT FLIGHT INSTRUCTION R1. Flight Instructors. The FAASTeam. OBJECTIVE. This presentation will familiarize Flight Instructors with Light-Sport Aircraft (LSA) and Sport Pilots.

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OPERATIONS Light-Sport Aircraft

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  1. OPERATIONSLight-Sport Aircraft SPORT PILOT FLIGHT INSTRUCTION R1 Flight Instructors The FAASTeam

  2. OBJECTIVE This presentation will familiarize Flight Instructors with Light-Sport Aircraft (LSA) and Sport Pilots. Upon completion, participants will have knowledge of this subject and directions to rules and other sources of important information. Light Sport Aviation is growing and it is essential that the nation’s certified flight instructors and other aviation professionals become involved.

  3. SPORT PILOT OVERVIEW In September 2004, the FAA enacted the final rule establishing the Light- Sport Category of aircraft and the Sport Pilot Certificate. This rule inaugurated a new realm of aviation to bring flying to a wider group of participants and establish safety standards at an acceptable level.

  4. AIRCRAFT LIGHT SPORT

  5. AIRCRAFT CATEGORY AND CLASS OF LSA AIRPLANE LAND+SEA WEIGHT-SHIFT CONTROL LAND+SEA (“TRIKES”) GYROPLANE POWERED PARACHUTE GLIDER BALLOON + AIRSHIP

  6. Image from: “A CFI’s Guide To Sport Pilot and Light Sport Aircraft.” – Produced for NAFI by Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc (ASA), 2010.

  7. LIGHT-SPORT AIRCRAFT (LSA) CERTIFICATION SPECIAL LIGHT-SPORT (S-LSA) AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATES (14 CFR 21.190) • Factory built and “Ready To Fly”. • Manufactured to consensus standards. • See 14 CFR 91.327 for Operating Limitations and Maintenance Requirements.

  8. LIGHT-SPORT AIRCRAFT (LSA) CERTIFICATION EXPERIMENTAL LIGHT SPORT E-LSA (14 CFR 21.191(i)) • Built from qualified E-LSA Kit. • Built in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. • See 14 CFR 91.319 for Operating Limitations and Maintenance Requirements.

  9. LIGHT-SPORT AIRCRAFT (LSA) CERTIFICATION STANDARD CATEGORY AIRCRAFT • Type certificated aircraft that meet the definition of Light Sport (14 CFR 1). • Examples include Piper J-3, Ercoupe 415-C, Aeronca 7-AC. • EAA website link for complete listing: www.sportpilot.org/learn/aircraft.html

  10. LIGHT-SPORT AIRCRAFT (LSA) CERTIFICATION EXPERIMENTAL AMATEUR BUILT (14 CFR 21.191g) • Built by a person for education or recreation. • At least 51% of assembly / construction by the private builder. • May be eligible for LSA operation if: (meets definition Light Sport 14 CFR 1). • See 14 CFR 91.319 for Operating Limitations and Maintenance Requirements.

  11. TRUE OR FALSE DISCUSSION: IS THIS A LSA? ERCOUPE 415-C STANDARD DATA: Seats 2. Gross wt. 1,260. Empty wt. 749. Fuel capacity 14. Engine 75 HP flat-4. PERFORMANCE: Top speed 96 kts. Cruise 83 kts. Stall 42 kts. Initial climb rate 550. Ceiling 13,000. Range 261 nm. ADDITIONAL DISCUSSION: What is VH in this aircraft? What endorsement is required? OK to fly all other LSA aircraft? § Part 1.1 § 61.321 § 61.303

  12. TRUE OR FALSE DISCUSSION: IS THIS A LSA? CESSNA 150 STANDARD DATA: Seats 2. Gross wt. 1,600. Empty wt. 1060. Fuel capacity 26. Engine 100 HP Continental. PERFORMANCE: Top speed 106 kts. Cruise 85 kts. Stall 42 kts. Initial climb rate 670. Ceiling 12,650. Range 303 nm. § Part 1.1 § 61.321

  13. TRUE OR FALSE DISCUSSION: IS THIS A LSA? PIPER J-3 ON FLOATS STANDARD DATA: Seats 2. Gross wt. 1,220. Empty wt. 680. Fuel capacity 9. Engine 65 HP Continental. PERFORMANCE: Top speed 76 kts. Cruise 65 kts. Stall 33 kts. Initial climb rate 450. Ceiling 11,500. Range 191 nm. § Part 1.1 § 61.321

  14. INSTRUCTION SPORT PILOT

  15. WHO CAN FLY UNDER THE SPORT PILOT RULE? Pilots holding Sport Pilot Certificates. Pilots with Recreation or higher level privileges. Requirements are found in 14 CFR 61 Subpart J.

  16. MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER SPORT PILOT RULE See 14 CFR 61.303 for specific requirements. No medical certification requirements for gliders or balloons. For other aircraft, a valid US Drivers License. Not known or have reason to know of a medical condition that would make the pilot unable to operate the LSA in a safe manner.

  17. CONDITIONS RELATED TO PREVIOUS FAA MEDICAL CERTIFICATION If the pilot previously applied for an FAA Medical, he / she must have been eligible for issuance on their most recent application. Must not have had their most recent FAA medical denied, suspended or revoked. Must not have had their most recent Special Issuance/Medical Certificate withdrawn.

  18. MEDICAL REQUIREMENTS UNDER SPORT PILOT RULE Eligibility, Knowledge, and Flight Proficiency. Aeronautical Experience. Endorsements. Privileges and Limits.

  19. SPORT PILOT vs. PRIVATE PILOT: HOURS FOR INITIAL CERTIFICATION

  20. PRIVATE vs. SPORT PILOT LIMITATIONS: WEATHER DAY NIGHT IFR (Instrument Rated) VFR (greater than 3mi vis) VFR (less than 3mi vis) VFR (above clouds)

  21. PRIVATE vs SPORT PILOT LIMITATIONS: AIRSPACE CLASS A (Instrument Rated) CLASS B, C, D (Sport needs endorsement) CLASS E, G ABOVE 10,000 MSL (Sport ok if 2,000’ AGL or less)

  22. SPORT PILOT LIMITATIONS: TYPE OF FLIGHTS Watch This! PASSENGERS (Sport: only ONE) SALES DEMOS BUSINESS TOWING (UL or LSA glider) CHARITABLE CROSS COUNTRY

  23. INSTRUCTOR SPORT PILOT

  24. WHO MAY INSTRUCT SPORT PILOTS? Flight Instructors holding certificates issued under 14 CFR Subpart H. Sport Pilot Instructors holding certificates issued under 14 CFR Subpart K.

  25. SUBPART H FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS EXERCISING SPORT PILOT INSTRUCTOR PRIVILEGES Must refer to 14 CFR 61.429 for guidance. Must have appropriate category and class ratings – or equivalent light sport privileges. Must be acting as a light sport instructor while exercising these privileges.

  26. CAN A LIGHT SPORT INSTRUCTOR CONDUCT A PROFICIENCY CHECK? YES! A Light Sport Instructor can conduct a proficiency check for additional category or class privilege at the Light Sport level (see 14 CFR 61.321). The instruction and check flight must be performed by separate instructors. The instructor who conducts the check must submit documentation to the FAA.

  27. WHAT FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS SHOULD KNOW VH AND SPORT PILOT ENDORSEMENTS • VH = Maximum speed in level flight at maximum continuous power. • This V speed is important for Sport Pilot endorsement §61.327: • Aircraft VH less than 87kts CAS • Aircraft VH greater than 87kts CAS • Remember: initial sport pilot certificate requires fewer hours! When a sport pilot requests more privileges or flying other LSA makes/models, more training & individual endorsements are required • A CFI may not conduct instruction in an experimental aircraft that he or she provides unless a letter of deviation authorization (LODA) is received from a FSDO.

  28. WHAT FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS SHOULD KNOW Letter of Deviation Authorization (LODA) 14 CFR Part 91.319 states that: “(a) No person may operate an aircraft that has an experimental certificate- (1) For other than the purpose for which the certificate was issued; or (2) Carrying persons or property for compensation or hire." The FAA recognizes the value of specialized flight training that may only be available in aircraft holding experimental certificates. The FAA may issue a LODA to permit the conduct of training that can only be accomplished in aircraft with experimental certificates. 14 CFR Part 91.319(h) allows A CFI may not be compensated for use of an experimental aircraft that he or she provides unless a letter of deviation authorization (LODA) is received from a FSDO.

  29. Letter of Deviation Authorization Flight training considered acceptable for the issuance of a LODA consists of • Flight training for the operation of a specific make and model of experimental aircraft. • Training for the operation of ultralight vehicles only when conducted in low-mass, high-drag aircraft with an empty weight less than 500 pounds and a max speed in level flight with max continuous power (VH) less than 87 knots. • Jet unusual attitude and upset training. • Instrument competency training for specific make and model of experimental aircraft. • Training for a flight review in a specific make and model of aircraft. • Training for a rotorcraft gyroplane rating or certificate. • Formation training for a specific make and model of experimental aircraft. • Flight training leading toward the issuance of a Sport Pilot Certificate or LSA operating privilege is to be conducted in an aircraft issued an experimental certificate under 21.191(i)(1).

  30. Letter of Deviation Authorization Training NOT authorized: • Tail wheel airplane endorsements • Complex Airplane endorsements • High-performance endorsements • Operating Pressurized aircraft at high altitudes.

  31. Letter of Deviation Authorization Requirements to obtain a LODA in order to conduct flight training in an experimental aircraft that person provides for compensation or hire must: • Submit an application package to the FSDO in the district in which training will take place which must include: • Letter identifying the name and address of the applicant • Name and contact information of the person responsible for the operation • Details of the type of training • Specific aircraft make(s) and model(s) to be used • Copies of each aircraft’s airworthiness certificate and FAA-issued operating limitations • A training program with enough detail to determine that the proposed training will meet the intended objectives.

  32. WHAT FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS SHOULD KNOW SPORT PILOT TRAINING SIMILAR TO PRIVATE • Meet minimum eligibility requirements (61.305) • Receive appropriate training for ground and flight (61.309, 61.311) • Take the knowledge test (61.307) • Complete the required hours for flight and instruction (61.313) • Have proper endorsements and submit application • Take the practical test based upon the Sport Pilot PTS (FAA-s-8081-29)

  33. WHAT FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS SHOULD KNOW A FLIGHT REVIEW IS STILL A FLIGHT REVIEW • AC 61-98 / 61.56 still apply • Stick and rudder skills or tail wheel endorsement • Crosswind practice and steeper approach profiles • Stall characteristics and aerodynamics • Use the flight review to assist in adding a new privilege • The AFS-610 website offers guidance for proficiency checks: http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/afs600/afs610/

  34. Transition Training for Pilots… …is Very Important 152 “Heavy” “At our airport 100% of all the general aviation-trained pilots who have attempted to fly light sport aircraft without transitional training have damaged their aircraft. “ -Carol and Brian Carpenter

  35. Transition Training for Pilots

  36. LSA FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS MAY DIFFER These aircraft may require a significant amount of hours retraining, especially if a pilot hasn’t flown in many years or is unfamiliar with aircraft characteristics. Descent profiles, stall and spin awareness & recovery, crosswind landings, slower speeds (VH), and weight / balance should be familiar to the instructor before launching out with a student.

  37. ACCIDENT DATA FOR LIGHT SPORT • NTSB provides statistics for Amateur Built but not Light Sport • It is probable that some Light-Sport accidents are included in this data • 20XX US General Aviation accidents: XXX total XX fatal (XX%) • 20XX US Amateur Built accidents: XXX total XX fatal (XX%)

  38. FAR PART 61 Sport Pilot Certificate – Part 61 Subpart J Sport Pilot Flight Instructor Certificate – Part 61 Subpart K FAA WEBSITES (FAA.GOV, AFS-610, and FAA Safety.GOV) http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/gen_av/light_sport/ http://www.faa.gov/licenses_certificates/airmen_certification/sport_pilot/ http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/afs600/afs610/ http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/gen_av/light_sport/media/ExistingModels.pdf http://faasafety.gov/gslac/onlineresources.aspx?masterId=3 FAA Safety.gov/Resources/Online Resources/Type of Operations…162 links to Sport Pilot! AOPA http://www.aopa.org/sportpilot/ http://www.aopa.org/asf/publications/sport_pilot_check.html NAFI and EAA http://faaflighttest.us/cfisportguide.pdf http://www.nafinet.org/news.aspx?id=7 EAA http://www.sportpilot.org/ Many other great resources exist, but the LSA and Sport Pilot community needs more CFI’s and DPE’s to support the growing industry…get involved and instruct in Sport!

  39. QUIZ

  40. 1. What are the medical requirements for a person exercising Sport Pilot privileges? • Must hold a medical certificate issued under 14 CFR Part 67 or a valid U.S. driver’s license. • A person flying a balloon or a glider does not need a medical certificate or a driver’s license. • A person exercising Sport Pilot privileges must not know or have reason to know of a medical condition that would make that person unable to operate a Light Sport Aircraft in a safe manner. • All of the above.

  41. 1. What are the medical requirements for a person exercising Sport Pilot privileges? • Must hold a medical certificate issued under 14 CFR Part 67 or a valid U.S. driver’s license. • A person flying a balloon or a glider does not need a medical certificate or a driver’s license. • A person exercising Sport Pilot privileges must not know or have reason to know of a medical condition that would make that person unable to operate a Light Sport Aircraft in a safe manner. • All of the above. 14 CFR 61.23

  42. True or False: A light-Sport Aircraft can have a maximum takeoff weight of 1480 lbs?

  43. True or False: A light Sport Aircraft can have a maximum takeoff weight of 1480 lbs? FALSE 14 CFR Part 1: 1320 lbs. land use;1430 lbs. water use

  44. 3. A pilot holding a recreational pilot certificate or above may exercise light sport privileges… • In any 2 place aircraft of the same category and class on his/her pilot certificate. • Only in a light sport aircraft or certificated aircraft that meets the light sport aircraft rule. • Only with a CFI endorsement. • In a light-sport aircraft under day or night because the higher level of pilot certification allowed those privileges.

  45. 3. A pilot holding a recreational pilot certificate or above may exercise light sport privileges… • In any 2 place aircraft of the same category and class on his/her pilot certificate. • Only in a light-sport aircraft or certificated aircraft that meets the light-sport aircraft rule. 14 CFR 61.303(a) • Only with a CFI endorsement. • In a light sport aircraft under day or night because the higher level of pilot certification allowed those privileges.

  46. True or False: A CFI may conduct a test for issuance of an additional category and class endorsement for a sport pilot?

  47. True or False: A CFI may conduct a test for issuance of an additional category and class endorsement for a sport pilot? TRUE 14 CFR 61.321 … A CFI may conduct a proficiency check and issue an endorsement for those privileges

  48. 5. A 14 CFR 61 Subpart H CFI instructing in a light sport aircraft… • Must have an endorsement in a light-sport aircraft. • Must have 5 hours of experience in a make and model light- sport aircraft within the same set of aircraft being used. • Does not have any limitations different from other aircraft. • Must use an aircraft that has at least 2 pilot stations.

  49. 5. A 14 CFR 61 Subpart H CFI instructing in a light sport aircraft… • Must have an endorsement in a light sport aircraft. • Must have 5 hours of experience in a make and model light sport aircraft within the same set of aircraft being used. • Does not have any limitations different from other aircraft. • Must use an aircraft that has at least 2 pilot stations. 14 CFR 61.415 (i) (1)

  50. Before we conclude……. • Questions, Comments??? • FAASafety.gov • GA Award Program • WINGS • We want your FEEDBACK………..please http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/stakeholder_feedback/afs/field/sf_faasteam/

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