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Metabolism of Nutrients in Muscle and Adipose Tissue

Metabolism of Nutrients in Muscle and Adipose Tissue. Anusorn Cherdthong , PhD 137748 Applied Biochemistry in Nutritional Science Email: anusornc@kku.ac.th E-learning: http://ags.kku.ac.th/eLearning/137748. Introduction. Protein and lipid are more importance role in muscle and tissue

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Metabolism of Nutrients in Muscle and Adipose Tissue

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  1. Metabolism of Nutrients in Muscle and Adipose Tissue AnusornCherdthong, PhD 137748 Applied Biochemistry in Nutritional Science Email: anusornc@kku.ac.th • E-learning: http://ags.kku.ac.th/eLearning/137748

  2. Introduction • Protein and lipid are more importance role in muscle and tissue • Storage and excretion when required • Some metabolism are similar to liver metabolism • Muscle cell---protein storage • Adipose tissue---triacylglyceride storage

  3. Metabolism in muscle cell Riis (1983)

  4. Metabolism pathway • In muscle cell • Protein synthesis • Protein lysis • In adipose tissue • Triacylglyceride degradation • Triacylglyceridestorage • Lipogenesis • Control of fatty acid synthesis

  5. Protein synthesis • Transcription: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) and small nuclear RNA (snRNA) • Initiation • Elongation • Termination • Translation • Initiation • Elongation • Termination

  6. Protein synthesis in muscle McDonald et al. (2011)

  7. tRNA molecule McDonald et al. (2011)

  8. RNA Translation McDonald et al. (2011)

  9. Protein lysis • Required proteinases • Lower rate than liver—low proteinases • proteinasesenzymes • cathepsinD • alkaline proteinases: Ca2+-activated proteinase or –factor (CAF) • Low protein lysislow protein synthesis • Stress---high protein lysis

  10. Lipid metabolism • Occurred at adipocyte of adipose tissue • Control—triacylglyceride, free FA • Provide various substances---adipokine • Induce by hungry, diets, digestion/absorption system, hormone, CNS etc

  11. Metabolism in adipose tissue Riis (2983)

  12. Triacylglyceride degradation • Control by hormone system • End products are FA and glycerol • FA—oxidation---energy (95%) • 5% energy from glycerol

  13. Triacylglyceride degradation Nelson and Cox (2000)

  14. Triacylglyceridedegradation control Nelson and Cox (2000)

  15. Triacylglyceridestorage • Increase after feeding • LDL synthesis at adipose—induce by insulin • glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase-1---.>fructose 2,6-bisphosphate • Fatty acylCoA + glycerol-3-phosphate-triacylglycerol • Insulin induce glucose -FA

  16. Lipogenesis • In ruminant occurred 92% in adipose tissue • Substrate: C2 and C4 • Energy from NADPH, ATP • NADPH—isocitrate and oxaloacetate • In non ruminant occurred in liver • Substrate: glucose • NADPH---pentose shunt --malatedehydrogenase

  17. FA syvthesis in adipose tissue of ruminant Van Soest (1982)

  18. Control of fatty acid synthesis • Hormone controlled • Insulin: induce FA synthesis • Transfer glucose into cell • Activated pyruvatedehydrogenase • Enzyme: • acetyl-CoAcarboxylaseacitvate by citrate • NADPH

  19. 1 2 3 4 Conclusion Protein and lipid are major metabolism Muscle storage protein while adipose was storage tryacylglyceride Protein metabolism: RNA transcription, translation Triacylglycerols metabolism was differ among specie animals

  20. Thank you!

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