4/3 Focus:

1. 4/3 Focus: • Mughal rulers after Akbar the Great were not as strong and were less tolerant of religious differences. • This contributed to the decline of the Mughal empire in India and allowed Europeans to spread their influence in India • Do Now: • Why was religious tolerance so important in India?

2. Founded by Babur Spread Shiite form of Islam TajMahal example of Mughal architecture India Controlled Persia Golden age under Shah Abbas Islamic Empires Mughal Empire Safavid Empire Akbar was absolute ruler Ottoman Empire Turkish group Promoted religious toleration Capture Constantinople Experience golden age under Suleiman Disrupt European trade routes

3. 3rd Quarter Quarterly Exam Review

4. 1) Which document limited the power of the English monarchy during the Middle Ages? • Magna Carta • Justinian Code • Twelve Tables • Rig Veda

5. 2) A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades (1096–1291) was to: • establish Christianity in western Europe • capture the Holy Land from Islamic rulers • unite warring Arab peoples • strengthen English dominance in the Arab world

6. 3) What was one result of large armies traveling great distances during the Crusades? • Europe’s population severely declined. • Cultural diffusion increased. • Democracy in the Middle East grew. • Slavery was eliminated.

7. 4) The feudal systems in both medieval Europe and early Japan were characterized by: • a decentralized political system • an increased emphasis on education • religious diversity • the development of a wealthy middle class

8. 5) Which statement about cultural diffusion in Asia is most accurate? • Byzantine traders brought the Justinian Code to China. • Roman legions introduced Christianity to India. • Indian monks brought Islam to the Middle East. • Chinese ideas and practices spread into Korea and Japan.

9. Answers

10. 1) Which document limited the power of the English monarchy during the Middle Ages? • Magna Carta • Justinian Code • Twelve Tables • Rig Veda

11. 2) A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades (1096–1291) was to: • establish Christianity in western Europe • capture the Holy Land from Islamic rulers • unite warring Arab peoples • strengthen English dominance in the Arab world

12. 3) What was one result of large armies traveling great distances during the Crusades? • Europe’s population severely declined. • Cultural diffusion increased. • Democracy in the Middle East grew. • Slavery was eliminated.

13. 4) The feudal systems in both medieval Europe and early Japan were characterized by: • a decentralized political system • an increased emphasis on education • religious diversity • the development of a wealthy middle class

14. 5) Which statement about cultural diffusion in Asia is most accurate? • Byzantine traders brought the Justinian Code to China. • Roman legions introduced Christianity to India. • Indian monks brought Islam to the Middle East. • Chinese ideas and practices spread into Korea and Japan.

15. Test Review Grand Canal brought farm products from south to northern cities Strict social order Gentry, peasants, merchants Civil Service workers required to pass exams Tang & Song Dynasties Efficient government based on Confucianism Expansion of trade: Silk Road, Sea routes Schools to train gov’t workers Technological improvements Gunpowder, compass, block printing Calligraphy, Pagoda example of architecture, Porcelain pottery

16. Feared it would be weakened through contact Restored Chinese rule in China Saw China as superior to the rest of the world Overthrew Mongols Isolationist policy after Zheng He’s death Ming Dynasty Restored Chinese Civil Service System Admiral Zheng He traveled to India, Persia, Middle East, and Africa Confucian values The Middle Kingdom Collected tribute and established trade links Restore Chinese superiority in Asia

17. Test Review Nomadic pastoralists from Central Asian Steeps United by Genghis Kahn Adapted/borrowed technology from conquered people Isolated Russia from Europe Mongols Skillful Horsemen and fierce warriors Established huge empire from Asia to Eastern Europe Use of stirrups and bow/arrow Helped spread the Black Plague Psychological warfare and brutality Pax Mongolia Increased trade and travel between the East and West

20. Complete the venn diagram by comparing and contrasting feudalism in Japan with feudalism in Europe Emperor, Shogun, Daimyo , Samurai, peasants & artists , merchants King, nobles, knights, peasants Developed during period of weak central govt Church had more power in Europe Warriors lived by code of behavior Knights used broad swords Japanese samurai practiced Zen Buddhism Power concentrated in hands of landowners (shoguns& nobles) Chivalry Samurai used samurai swords Peasants worked the land Bushido

21. Michelangelo Leonardo da Vinci Raphael Machiavelli Shakespeare Dante

22. The Five Pillars of Islam • Five Pillars of Islam • Allah is the one true God • Give charity to the poor • Make Pilgrimage (Haji) to Mecca • Fasting during the Ramadan • Pray five times a day facing Mecca

23. The Crusades Causes Effects • Pope called for Crusade to free the Holy Lands from Muslims • Nobles wanted to gain wealth and land • Crusaders could gain fame and adventure • Forgiveness of sins for joining the crusades • Increased trade and cultural diffusion • Europeans exposed to Greco-Roman learning and Muslim advances • Distrust between religious groups • Kings gained more power • Weakened feudalism and Manorialism

24. 6) The terms Bushido, samurai, and daimyo are most closely associated with which group in Japanese history? • emperors • peasants • warriors • merchants

25. 7) Which fact relating to early Japan was a result of the other three? • Japan experienced earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. • The Japanese developed a nature-based belief called Shinto. • Tsunamis and typhoons sometimes destroyed coastal Japanese villages. • Mountains are found throughout the islands of Japan.

26. 8) The Age of Pericles in Athens, the Gupta Empire in India, and the Tang dynasty in China all experienced a golden age with: • advancements in the principles of democratic governments • outstanding contributions in the arts and sciences • the end of foreign domination • the furthest expansion of their borders

27. 9) Which development led to the shortages of labor in 14th-century Europe? • rise of nation-states • outbreak of the Black Death • fall of Constantinople • introduction of new military technologies

28. 10) Historians value the writings of Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta because they: • serve as primary sources about trade and culture • provide the basis for European holy books • include advice on how to be a democratic ruler • present unbiased views of life in Africa and Asia

29. 11) A major reason for Zheng He’s voyages during the 15th century was to: • promote trade and collect tribute • establish colonies in Africa and India • seal off China’s borders from foreign influence • prove the world was round

30. 12) In which way were the developments of the Renaissance in Italy similar to the developments of the Tang dynasty in China? • The rebirth of art, technology, and learning was a central theme in both regions. • Warfare and insurrection led to the devastation of both societies. • Religious reform was a main focus in both regions. • The peasant class was responsible for the emergence of both eras.

31. 13) What was the effect of the extensive Mongol Empire on the people who lived in Europe and Asia in the 1200s? • development of a common language • expansion of Japanese cultural traditions • adoption of Confucian ideas and practices • significant increases in trade and travel

32. 14) Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are similar in that they all ask their followers to • believe in reincarnation • follow a code of behavior • strive for nirvana • practice polytheism

33. Buddhism is introduced into Japan around A.D. 1200. • Islam extends from the Middle East into Spain by A.D. 732. • Catholic and Protestant missionaries bring Christianity to Africa in the 1800s. 15) Each of these statements reflects the concept of • cultural diffusion • civil disobedience • urbanization • isolationism

34. 16) The revival of Greek and Roman culture, the economic growth of Italian city-states in the 1400s, and the development of humanism were aspects of the • Age of Revolutions • spread of Islam • Protestant Reformation • European Renaissance

35. 17) Which factor contributed to the beginning of the Renaissance in Italian cities? • occupation by foreign powers • surplus of porcelain from Japan • interaction with Latin America • access to important trade routes

36. 18) Which statement best expresses an idea held by many Renaissance humanist philosophers? • People should study worldly subjects as well as sacred matters. • Governments should establish overseas empires. • Individuals should withdraw from the world and study religion. • Scholars should dedicate themselves to the study of life after death.

37. 19) A direct impact that the printing press had on 16th-century Europe was that it encouraged the: • spread of ideas • establishment of democracy • beginnings of communism • development of industrialization

38. 20. What was one result of large Armies traveling great distances during the Crusades? • Muslim control of Jerusalem ended • Feudalism began in western Europe • Cultural exchanges between the Middle East and Europe grew • Christians and Muslims achieved a lasting peace

39. Answers

40. 6) The terms Bushido, samurai, and daimyo are most closely associated with which group in Japanese history? • emperors • peasants • warriors • merchants

41. 7) Which fact relating to early Japan was a result of the other three? • Japan experienced earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. • The Japanese developed a nature-based belief called Shinto. • Tsunamis and typhoons sometimes destroyed coastal Japanese villages. • Mountains are found throughout the islands of Japan.

42. 8) The Age of Pericles in Athens, the Gupta Empire in India, and the Tang dynasty in China all experienced a golden age with: • advancements in the principles of democratic governments • outstanding contributions in the arts and sciences • the end of foreign domination • the furthest expansion of their borders

43. 9) Which development led to the shortages of labor in 14th-century Europe? • rise of nation-states • outbreak of the Black Death • fall of Constantinople • introduction of new military technologies

44. 10) Historians value the writings of Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta because they: • serve as primary sources about trade and culture • provide the basis for European holy books • include advice on how to be a democratic ruler • present unbiased views of life in Africa and Asia

45. 11) A major reason for Zheng He’s voyages during the 15th century was to: • promote trade and collect tribute • establish colonies in Africa and India • seal off China’s borders from foreign influence • prove the world was round

46. 12) In which way were the developments of the Renaissance in Italy similar to the developments of the Tang dynasty in China? • The rebirth of art, technology, and learning was a central theme in both regions. • Warfare and insurrection led to the devastation of both societies. • Religious reform was a main focus in both regions. • The peasant class was responsible for the emergence of both eras.

47. 13) What was the effect of the extensive Mongol Empire on the people who lived in Europe and Asia in the 1200s? • development of a common language • expansion of Japanese cultural traditions • adoption of Confucian ideas and practices • significant increases in trade and travel

48. 14) Christianity, Islam, and Judaism are similar in that they all ask their followers to • believe in reincarnation • follow a code of behavior • strive for nirvana • practice polytheism

49. Buddhism is introduced into Japan around A.D. 1200. • Islam extends from the Middle East into Spain by A.D. 732. • Catholic and Protestant missionaries bring Christianity to Africa in the 1800s. 15) Each of these statements reflects the concept of • cultural diffusion • civil disobedience • urbanization • isolationism

50. 16) The revival of Greek and Roman culture, the economic growth of Italian city-states in the 1400s, and the development of humanism were aspects of the • Age of Revolutions • spread of Islam • Protestant Reformation • European Renaissance