Text B The Standard for Olympic Excellence

1. Text BThe Standard for Olympic Excellence Unit 2, Book 2 1

2. New Words 2

3. injury damage / wound / hurt / injury damage损害某物 wound 指（人）在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体出现明显伤口 hurt, injury 指（人）在平时或事故中受伤 hurt: 有强烈的疼痛感 injury: 大多造成容颜、机能损害 3

4. defy defy sb. to do sth. 向某人挑战，激惹某人 我倒要看看你是否能给我一条充分的理由让我信任你。 I defy you to give me one good reason for believing you. (sth.) defy description 难以形容 (sth.) defy understanding 无法理解 4

5. strip n. strip / stripe strip 长条 tear the cloth into strips stripe条纹 the white cloth with blue stripes v. strip sb. of sth. 剥夺 5

6. trail n. trail / track / trace trail 小道；踪迹（指人或动物走过留下的足迹或者其他痕迹，如气味、尘土等） track人或动物留下的足迹 trace 事物发展进程的痕迹 6

7. committee 当做整体看时，谓语动词单数；当做成员看时，谓语动词复数 committee / board / commission committee委员会 board董事会；理事会 commission执行某种职能的机构，（专门）委员会，比committee范围大，如国务院下属各委 7

8. formula pl. formulas / formulae 介词用for不用of The formula for water is H2O. v. formulate 8

9. suspicion be under suspicion 被怀疑 v. suspect adj. be suspicious of 9

10. reception a wedding reception 婚宴 a cool reception 冷淡的接待 10

11. Story about Carl Lewis

12. Why is he called “the greatest track and field Olympian of all time”? • Gold medal performances? • Competitive nature and ability to win? • Carl’s determination and commitment to track as a kid? • Carl’s attitude toward performance-enhancing drugs?

13. What is “Olympic Excellence”? • “... not by simply winning, but by winning honestly, loving to compete and working the hardest for the longest time.” • What are the fantasies of the Olympics? • What do you think of “sportsmanship”?

14. Passage Reading 14

15. Para. 1 • And so, while it must be admitted that performance-enhancing drugs are exploited to offer advantage to some Olympic athletes, those who do so never receive the only true reward the Olympics has to offer: honor. • performance-enhancing drugs stimulant / dope • Although it is true that some athletes use drugs to help them perform better, they never achieve honor in the real sense, which is the only true reward the Olympics can give them.

16. Para. 2 • With speed, consistency, integrity and above all desire, Lewis defied not only the stopwatch but also the march of time. • above all: most importantly • the march of time: steady forward movement, progression • With his speed, consistent performance, honesty and most importantly with his desire, it seemed that for Lewis the stopwatch no longer existed and time stopped. • 凭着速度，稳定的发挥，诚实，尤其是获胜的渴望，刘易斯的表现非秒表所能计量，甚至使时间也停滞不前。

17. Para. 3 • Carl set his mind on track and that was it. He said he wanted to be the best, period. • period: 就这些 • In the U. S., people say “period” after stating a fact or opinion when they want to emphasize that they are definite about sth. and do not want to discuss further. • Carl decided to take up track as his career and never changed his mind. He always wanted to be the best and nothing else.

18. Para. 4 • The crowd was used to Lewis trailing for the first half of the race – he just had a different style – and then finishing strong with his long stride to win. • finishing strong: still continuing actively, even after a long time • People were used to Lewis’s different running style: falling behind for the first half of the race, then speeding up as his longer stride allowed him to pass the others and win. • 人们习惯于看到刘易斯在赛程的前一半落在后面——他就是这种与众不同的风格——最后来个大跨步的奋力冲刺。

19. Para. 4 • The gold medal was given to Lewis instead, yet many did not see his conquest as a real victory, and he became swept up in the apparent blanket condemnation of the sport. • blanket: describe sth. when we want to emphasize that it affects or aims at everyone or everything without exception. • e.g. a blanket ban on smoking in classroom • The gold medal was given to Lewis, but many people didn’t regard his victory as a real one, and he became caught up in a general criticism of the sport, which was being condemned for dishonesty.

20. Para. 4 • Lewis firmly denied the charges and countered by proving before a judge that the magazine that had published the stories did so without foundation to their claims. • Lewis declared that the charges were definitely untrue and in response he argued before a judge that the magazine stories were not based on facts. • 刘易斯对此坚决予以否认，并在法官面前证明杂志刊登这样的消息是毫无根据的行为。

21. Para. 5 • It would take the formula of Lewis’ further commitment to the sport and his love for competition to lift some of the suspicion form track events and stop the erosion of support that the Olympics began to suffer after Seoul. • lift the suspicion from: 消除疑虑 • Lewis’ model of continued hard work and loyalty to the sport and his passion for competition would help clear up people’s distrust for track events and win back their support for the Olympics, which had been declining after the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul.

22. Sports Expressions

23. 发挥在自己项目上的最佳水平 perform at one’s event’s highest level 田径项目 track and field 奥运精神 the Olympic spirit 保持世界记录 hold world record 23

24. 在100米短跑中击败某人 to beat sb. in the 100-meter dash 站到起跑线上 take one’s marks 发令枪 the starter’s pistol 从起跑线上冲出 burst from the line 24

25. 在赛程的前一半处于落后 be trailing for the first half of the race 领先 build a lead 终点线 the finish line 9.92秒的个人最好成绩 personal best time of 9.92 seconds 25

26. 国际奥委会 the International Olympic Committee 赛后药检 post-race drug test 径赛项目 track events 4×100米接力赛 4×100 meter relay 26

27. DebateShould the Athletes Serve as Role Models?

28. Reading Skills 28

29. Finding out Word Meanings 1. better to know the prefix or suffix attached to the stem. 2. Sentences before or after a sentence containing a difficult word sometimes explain the word. 3. use one’s experience or our knowledge, common sense about a certain topic. 4. find the examples that help figure out the meaning of a word. 5. find “and”, paralleled structure, and the antonyms. 29

30. 1. D 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. B Reading Skills (I)

31. Practice of Reading Skills Anthropology is the scientific study of man. 研究人类的科学，人类学 In slang, the term “jam” constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 困 境 31

32. Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. 对词的意义进行研究的科学，语义学 Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits. 电容量 32

33. Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings. 季节性情绪紊乱症 The consequence of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. “重大的” 划时代的 33

34. Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. 目空一切的，傲慢的 A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones. 熟练的 34

35. Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious. 健谈的 Tom is considered an autocratic administer because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others. 独断专行的 35

36. Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future. 使…陷入危险，危及、危害 Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 不利的，有害的 36

37. It’s really cold tonight and my hands are practically numb. How about lighting the furnace? 冻僵的，冻得麻木的 The snake slithered through the grass. 滑动，滑行 37

38. Insecticide is applied where it is needed. -cide: act of killing ecocide 生态灭绝 杀虫剂 He fell into a ditch and lay there, semiconscious, for a few minutes. semi-: half, partial semicircle 半清醒的，半昏迷的 38

39. The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patient’s heartbeat and breathing. 听诊器 You would see prunes (which are dried plums) and raisins (which are dried grapes). 李脯–葡萄干 39

40. Sally liked to concoct all sorts of stories, but her mother always knew when she was lying. 编造 When it comes to manufactured goods there is actually more diversity in this country than Europe has ever known. The variety of goods carried by our stores is the first thing that impresses any visitor from abroad. 种类、品种 40

41. Many cancers have been arrested with the use of chemotherapy. 化学疗法 Fishes live in water and have fins which help them to swim. Most fishes have slimy skins covered with scales, but in fishes such as eels the scales are very small and can hardly be seen. 鳍 –滑溜的 –鳞 –一种鱼（鳗） 41

42. Key to Exercises 42

43. 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. B Comprehension of the Text (II)

44. Vocabulary (III) • 1. sake • for one’s sake • 2. sacrificed • sacrifice … for … • 3. crack • the crack of a gun 枪声 • 4. pursuing • 5. explosive • explosive substances 爆炸物

45. Vocabulary (III) • 6. ovecome • overcome difficulties • 7. indicated • 8. opponents • beat one’s opponents • opponent / rival / enemy • 9. stripped • be stripped of • 10. denied

46. Vocabulary (IV) 1. playing the role of  acting as 2. most importantly  above all 3. to benefit the  for the sake of 4. , not…,  rather than 5. decides to do something  sets his mind on something 6. had prepared them for  had set the stage for their 7. are quite familiar with  are used to 8. direct all our attention to  focus on 9. openly say that he had cheated  charge him with cheating 10. take part in  participate in 46