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Sustainable Ecosystems: Managing Energy and Chemical Cycles for Balance

Learn how physical laws govern energy flow and chemical cycling in ecosystems. Discover the impact of limiting factors on primary production and the inefficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels. Explore the vital role of biological and geochemical processes in cycling nutrients and the dominance of human activities in Earth's chemical cycles.

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Sustainable Ecosystems: Managing Energy and Chemical Cycles for Balance

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  1. Chapter 55 Ecosystems Objectives -Physical Laws govern energy flow and chemical cycling in ecosystems -Energy and other limiting factors control primary production in ecosystems -Energy transfer between trophic levels is typically only 10% efficient -Biological and geochemical processes cycle nutrients between organic and inorganic parts of an ecosystem -Human activities now dominate most chemical cycles on earth.

  2. Ecosystems are the sum of all biotic and abiotic factors and interactions within its physical boundaries. • Law of Conservation of Mass • Mass can never be created or destroyed only transferred and/or cycled through an environment. • -Ecosystems are run by two major processes • Chemical cycling • Energy Flow Cave Pool Ecosystem

  3. Energy can’t be recycled. Constant energy input is needed. (Sun)

  4. Gross Primary Production - is the total amount of sun energy transferred to chemical energy. Net Primary Production - Gross Primary Production (GPP) – Energy used by organism for respiration (R) NPP = GPP – R -NPP is the amount of new biomass (Organic Matter) created at a given time. -NPP is limited by: 1. Light 2. Nutrients 3. Temperature 4. Precipitation (Evapotranspiration)

  5. Energy transfer is 10% efficient -Loss of energy is why food chains are so short -The percent passed on is in the biomass of the organism

  6. Matter cycles through organic and inorganic forms Biogeochemical Cycles -nutrient cycles that contain both biotic and abiotic forms

  7. Humans dominate most chemical cycles Increased Carbon Dioxide Levels Artificial Fertilizer Bioaccumulation

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