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UNIT 6 NOTES

UNIT 6 NOTES. Chapter 16: Classification of Matter. What is Matter?. Anything that contains mass and takes up space!!!. Pure Substances Can not be broken down into a simpler form Definite Composition. Mixtures Can be broken down into simpler forms. Indefinite Composition

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UNIT 6 NOTES

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  1. UNIT 6 NOTES Chapter 16: Classification of Matter

  2. What is Matter? • Anything that contains mass and takes up space!!!

  3. Pure Substances Can not be broken down into a simpler form Definite Composition Mixtures Can be broken down into simpler forms. Indefinite Composition Is made up of two or more pure substances that can be separated by physical means. Types of Matter

  4. Measuring Matter • Mass • How much “stuff” a material is made up of- • Number of atoms in an object • Volume • The amount of space that is taken up by the matter.

  5. Measuring Volume of a Liquid

  6. Measuring Volume of a Solid

  7. Measuring Volume of an Irregular Shape Solid – Displacement Method

  8. Scale Measures the gravitational force on an object. Measures weight Mass is calculated from the weight of the object (on earth) Balance Measures the mass of an object by comparing it to another object with a known mass. This method of mass measurement is not affected by gravity. Measuring Mass

  9. UNIT 6 NOTES Chapter 16.3: States of Matter

  10. Atom Molecule Atoms & Molecules Review

  11. Kinetic Theory of Matter • All matter is made up of particles that are in constant motion. • High Temperature: Move very fast! • High Energy • Low Temperature: Move very slow! • Low Energy

  12. Temperature? • The average energy of a materials molecules. • 100° water has molecules with a very high energy. • 0° Ice has molecules with low energy

  13. a. definite shape b. definite volume c. variable shape d. variable volume

  14. Compare Volumes of a Solid, Liquid and Gas

  15. Thermal Expansion • As matter gets hotter, it expands • As matter cools down, it contracts

  16. Change of State • A state of matter is how the material currently exists • Solid • Liquid • Gas • Plasma • The conversion from one state of matter to another.

  17. Melting Point The amount of energy (Temperature) that is needed to change a material from a solid to a liquid Boiling Point The amount of energy (Temperature) that is needed to change a material from a liquid to a gas Important Temperatures

  18. UNIT 6 NOTES Chapter 17: Density

  19. What is Density? • The relationship between Mass and Volume. • Density is a property of Matter. It will always be the same quantity for a piece of matter regardless of shape or size. • Describes how tightly packed together atoms are in different materials.

  20. Density Calculation • What is the Density of a bolt that has a mass of 14g and a volume of 2ml? • D= m / v • D= 14g / 2ml • D= 7 g/ml

  21. Density Calculation • What is the volume of liquid silver sample that has a density of 0.125 g/ml and a mass of 1.2g? • V= m / D • V= 1.2g / 0.125 g/ml • V= 9.6 ml

  22. Density of Water • Density of a solid is typically greater than density of a liquid or gas. • Water is exception- Solid ice is less dense than liquid water. • What are the consequences for life of earth if ice (solid) had the greater density?

  23. UNIT 6 NOTES Chapter 17 Fluid and Gas Laws

  24. Buoyant Force – Fluid Law • The upward force exerted on an object immersed in the fluid.

  25. Archimedes Principal • The buoyant force of an object in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

  26. Floating vs. Sinking • If buoyant force is greater than the weight of the object, then the object will float. • If the buoyant force is less than the weight of the object, then the object will sink. • Also depends on the shape of the object. The more water displaced by the shape of an object, the greater the buoyant force.

  27. Charles Law – Gas Law • As the Temperature of a gas changes the volume will also change. • As Temperature increases, volume will also increase. • This is a DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL relationship. T  V 

  28. Charles Law

  29. http://www.riverdeep.net/science/chemistry_gateways/cg_activity_pages/catn.activityi_800045.jhtmlhttp://www.riverdeep.net/science/chemistry_gateways/cg_activity_pages/catn.activityi_800045.jhtml

  30. What is Pressure? • The amount of force exerted on an area • Pressure = Force / Area • NEW UNIT! • Pascal (Pa) usually (kPa)

  31. Boyles Law – Gas Law • Pressure and Volume have a relationship. • They will always be opposite each other as long as temperature remains the same • This is called an INVERSE relationship. V  P 

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