Unit 6 Notes

1. Unit 6 Notes Hope for a New Way of Life What were the most important events that led to the outbreak of Civil War?

2. The Big Picture • The Missouri Compromise -Admitted Missouri as a slave-holding state and Maine as a free state. • Drew a line 36 degrees 30 minutes - North was free and south was slave.

4. The Compromise of 1850 - California entered as a free state and the settlers of the former Mexican land would vote on whether or not to allow slavery. • Congress had to pass a tough Fugitive Slave Law in order to get southern support for the compromise of 1850. ? or

6. Fugitive Slave Law • Federal marshals were authorized to hunt down runaways in the North • Professional slave catchers often kidnapped free African Americans • African Americans had no right to trial by jury and no right to testify in court even in their own defense

7. The Kansas - Nebraska Act 1854 • Repealed the Missouri Compromise and allowed the settlers to vote on the question of slavery which resulted in violence between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers.

8. Republican Party formed 1854 - Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860 on a platform of preventing the spread of slavery into the western territories

9. Civil War 1861-1865 - 620,000 wounded or killed including 38,000 African Americans.

10. The Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 declared slaves free in the parts of the South that were still in rebellion.

11. April 9 1865 General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Virginia ending the Civil War.

12. Juneteenth – A spontaneous celebration that erupted June 19, 1865, when Union Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger landed in Galveston, declared U.S. sovereignty over Texas and officially notified the state’s 250,000 slaves that they were free. That was 30 months after President Abraham Lincoln delivered the Emancipation Proclamation.

14. Lincoln Assassinated - April 14 1865 by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater in Washington D.C. and Andrew Johnson became the new President.

15. Reconstruction - Freedmen’s Bureau was established by Congress to provide help to the newly freed slaves.

16. 1865 The 13th Amendment • banned slavery

17. Black Codes - Laws passed by southern whites as a reaction to the 13th Amendment to limit the freedom of newly freed slaves

18. Radical Republicans 1867 - Wanted to punish the South and give African Americans full equal rights. &

19. Divided the South into 5 military districts each governed by a U.S. Army general.

20. 1868 The 14thAmendment- Had to be accepted by the Southern states in order to be readmitted to the Union. • All U.S. Citizens cannot be deprived of nor be denied: “Life, Liberty, or property without due process of law” & “Equal protection of the laws”.

21. 1870 The 15thAmendment - Granted the right to vote to African Americans

22. Ku Klux Klan - Formed to terrorize African Americans to prevent them from voting. • African Americans were beaten and lynched.

23. Reconstruction Ends 1877 - Last U.S. troops recalled from the South

24. African Americans move West - 1879-80 Exodusters - African Americans who moved West to avoid growing oppression in the South.

25. Many African Americans became soldiers and cowboys.

26. Chapter 16 The Road to the Civil War What important events affecting African Americans occurred in the years immediately before the Civil War?

27. Anthony Burns - 1854 in Boston he became a national example of the injustice of the Fugitive Slave Law A mob led by a white minister named Wentworth Higginson stormed the courthouse during the trial to free Anthony Burns but it failed and a deputy was killed. The President ordered 1,500 troops to surround the court house during the trial. Burns was ordered to return to Virginia as a slave. 50,000 Bostonians came out in protest, buildings were covered in black, and American flags were hung upside down.

29. Dred Scott - 1857 The Supreme Court declared that slaves were property not citizens and therefore had no rights. • The Missouri Compromise was declared unconstitutional. Dred Scott Chief Justice Taney

30. John Brown - Believed in victory over slavery by violent uprising. 1858 Drew up a constitution and a plan to form a free country of African Americans in what is now West Virginia.

31. October 16 1859 Brown and 18 men captured the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry. The rebellion failed and Brown was tried for treason and hanged.

32. Chapter 17 The Civil War and the End of Slavery What was the impact of the Civil War on African Americans?

33. Civil War Honor Roll - Robert Smalls, William Bronson, Nicholas Biddle, Charles L. Mitchell, William Carney, Peter Vogelsang, Powhatan Beaty, Decatur Dorsey, Aaron Anderson, Milton M. Holland, and Harriet Tubman.

34. The Massachusetts 54th Infantry

35. Results of the Civil War - Families were reunited. • Men returned to their role as the head of the family. 600 African Americans elected to serve in Southern state legislatures, 20 in the U.S. House of Representatives, and 2 in the Senate.

36. Schools and churches were founded.

37. Chapter 18 The Promise and Failure of Reconstruction What were the benefits and disappointments of Reconstruction for African Americans?

38. Sharecropping - 40 acres and a mule never happened. African Americans farmed land belonging to someone else in return for a share of the crop. Sharecroppers had to buy on credit which became a cycle of poverty and debt.

39. 1865 The Rise of the Ku Klux Klan - Racist southerners were unable to accept the idea of African Americans being free, attending school, voting, and holding public office.

40. They used arson, violence, and murder to terrorize African Americans and prevent them from voting and exercising their equal rights.

41. Republican governments fell one by one until by 1877 no African Americans were left in political power and the federal troops were pulled out of the South.

42. Chapter 19 Miners, Farmers, and Cowhands Why did African Americans leave the South and move West?

43. 1849 African Americans join the California Gold Rush • 1857 African Americans joined the Colorado Gold Rush

44. Clara Brown – She was born into slavery in Virginia and at the first news of the gold strike, she bought her freedom with her savings and headed west. She invested in the mines and became one of Colorado’s richest citizens.

45. Henry Adams and Benjamin Singleton 1879 – Believed that the way out of poverty and oppression in the south was to set up separate African American communities in the west. • As many as 50,000 Exodusters went to Kansas and other western states from 1879-1881.

46. After the Civil War many African Americans found jobs as soldiers in the west • These men became known as “Buffalo Soldiers”

47. Nat Love - Famous cowboy and rodeo rider.

48. After a lots of notes on a pretty serious subject matter , here’s something you don’t see everyday.