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Also assesses: SC.912.L.16.8, L.16.14, L.16.16

SC.912.L.16.17 Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis and relate to the processes of sexual and asexual reproduction and their consequences for genetic variation. Also assesses: SC.912.L.16.8, L.16.14, L.16.16. Benchmark Clarification for SC.912.L.16.17. Students will:

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Also assesses: SC.912.L.16.8, L.16.14, L.16.16

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  1. SC.912.L.16.17Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis and relate to the processes of sexual and asexual reproduction and their consequences for genetic variation Also assesses: SC.912.L.16.8, L.16.14, L.16.16

  2. Benchmark Clarification for SC.912.L.16.17 Students will: • Differentiate the process of meiosis and meiosis • Describe the role of mitosis in asexual reproduction, and/or the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction, including how these processes may contribute to or limit genetic variation • Describe specific events occurring in each of the states of the cell cycle and/or phases of mitosis • Explain how mitosis forms new cells and its role in maintaining chromosome number during asexual reproduction • Content Limits: Items will focus on the relationship between mutations and uncontrolled cell growth, rather than a specific mutation that may result in uncontrolled growth

  3. Of the phases shown, which is the first in meiosis?

  4. In many plants, a new plant can grow from a piece of the parent plant. Strawberries reproduce this way, from runners, and African violets can be grown from a leaf. Piece of potato tuber can be used to grow new potato plants, as shown below. This method of producing offspring is dependent on which process?A. mutation during mitosisB. mitosis during asexual reproductionC. self-pollination during regenerationD. meiosis during sexual reproduction

  5. Which of these is most likely to result from the processes of mutation and crossing over during reproduction? A. Offspring that are genetically identical to their parents B. Offspring that are genetically identical to each other C. Decreased genetic variation among offspring D. Increased genetic variation among offspring

  6. Which statements (in box below) about cell division are correct?A. statements 1 and 3B. statements 1 and 4C. statements 2 and 3D. statements 2 and 4

  7. Which statement is correct? • Meiosis is a way to reproduce, but mitosis is not. • Meiosis is a way to create diversity, but mitosis is not. • During mitosis, chromosomes are copied, but, during meiosis chromosomes double. • During mitosis, chromosome numbers double, but during meiosis, chromosome numbers remain constant.

  8. Study the sequence below. Which cellular process missing from the sequence produces cells having a chromosome number of 2n?

  9. Which best explains how meiosis is a contributing factor to genetic variation within a species? A. Meiosis reduces the number of mutations within an organism B. Meiosis produces daughter cells that will contain identical chromosomes C. Meiosis results in offspring that contain alleles from only one parent gamete D. Meiosis allows for crossing over of chromosomes, resulting in new gene combinations

  10. A cheetah is multicellular. A paramecium is unicellular. How do these two organisms differ in terms of how they produce offspring? • A. The cheetah uses sexual reproduction, the paramecium uses meiosis • B. The cheetah uses binary fission, the paramecium uses asexual reproduction • C. The cheetah uses asexual reproduction, the paramecium uses binary fission • D. The cheetah uses sexual reproduction, the paramecium uses asexual reproduction.

  11. What would most likely result if mitosis was not accompanied by cytoplasmic division? A. Two cells, each with one nucleus B. Two cells, each without a nucleus C. One cell with two identical nuclei D. One cell without a nucleus

  12. When does crossing-over occur during meiosis? • A. when the DNA of the ciploid cell is copied • B. when homologous chromosomes move to opposite ends of the dividing cell • C. when spindle fibers move the chromosomes toward the midline of the dividing cell • D. when homologous chromosomes pair and portions of chromatids break off and are exchanged

  13. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes line up next to each other. If one arm of a chromatid crosses over the arm of another chromatid, what results? • A. an additional sex cell is created • B. independent assortment of genetic material • C. a possible change in the offspring cell’s function • D. additional variation in the DNA combination of each sex cell formed

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