Argument Writing

1. Argument Writing Using style, technique, and evidence to present an argument.

2. Voices and Values Selection • Voices and Values – page 422 • Read preview • Copy vocabulary in ISN – • raucous, carnage, catharsis, fathom, curtail, impair, faculties, vicariously, adherence • Independently read “A Drunken Ride…” • Respond to First Impressions in ISN • Answer/Discuss Questions as a class • Formative – paragraph writing, page 435

3. Anticipating and Understanding Differences of Opinion • Complete the anticipation guide about our role in society and its effect on us as individuals. • Explain your answers. • Respond to the Quickwrite on the back. • Line up for Agreement Line Discussion.

4. Argumentative Techniques • Colloquialism • A saying that expresses something other than the literal meaning of the words it contains is a colloquialism, like saying "I wasn't born yesterday," to mean "you can't fool me." • Emphasis • The technique of emphasis is used when you spend more time developing your “pro” argument than your “con”, which strongly establishes your view in the forefront of the mind of your readers. • Point and Counterpoint • Use the point-counterpoint technique when you concede to the argument of your opponent, but you also declare that you still strongly disagree with him. • Statistics/Facts • Facts are observable phenomena which come from reading, observation and personal experience, and statistics add numbers to the picture you are attempting to paint. 

5. Types of Appeal • Ethos – appeal to ethics • Pathos – appeal to emotions • Logos – appeal to logic • Fallacy – an error in reasoning • Bandwagon – desire to belong • Snob - desire to feel superior • Loaded Language – strongly positive or negative connotations to stir people's emotions

6. Two Styles of Argument Writing • Cause and Effect • A cause is the reason an event happens • An effect is the result of the cause • A causal analysis examines the cause of an event, the results of an event, or both. 2. Definition • Explains how you are using the term you are writing about • Restates the definition, provides synonyms, uses examples and non-examples of the word

7. CAUSE AND EFFECT • Two ways to develop a causal analysis: • Chronological order • Climax order • Chronological Order: • Details steps in a process, in order of occurrence • Climax Order • Moving from the weakest reason to the strongest • Refer to blueprints – page 261, WWC

8. READING ASSIGNMENT • Pair up with your 8 o’clock (I will match those of you without one!) • “Custer’s Last Stand” (page 262, WWC) • Read preview, then passage • Answer Analysis Questions in ISN (credit will be assigned as a formative – be sure to work with your partner!) • Discuss as a class following writing, time permitting!!!

9. Blueprints (p. 261) Effect – global warming • Cause 1: carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel • Cause 2: carbon dioxide emissions from gasoline • Cause 3: methane emissions from animals Cause – Deforestation • Effect 1: loss of habitat for millions of species • Effect 2: major climate changes • Effect 3: larger amounts of greenhouse gases in air

10. WRITING ASSIGNMENT • Causal Analysis Writing (page 262, WWC) • Read prompt: Write a paragraph analyzing the reasons behind an important decision you’ve made. Assume you’re writing to defend your choice to a parent, a teacher, an academic advisor, etc. • Make a Plan: Follow the guidelines under “Gathering… Materials”, page 263 • Write Paragraph: Use templates provided • Revise/Edit: Use checklist with a peer

11. Summative Assignment • Page 424, WWC – “Running with Walker” • Read preview • Read Selection • SUMMATIVE SCORE • Answer analysis questions on page 426 • ACE each answer, some in more than one paragraph • USE TEXT SUPORT, include WORKS CTED

12. DEFINITION • To be successful at creating your own definition paper, we will first: • Examine a model definition • Analyze what makes a definition effective • Think through ways to organize a definition • Finally, we will write our own definition paper

13. Ways to Express Definitions in Writing • Synonym: • A word with virtually the same meaning as another word • Formal Statement • Method most often used in dictionaries; places the term into a larger category or class then adds distinguishing characteristics to further define • FORMAT: word – category/class – distinguishing characteristics

14. Definition Selection • Page 232, Voices and Values Book • Read Preview • Record Vocab in ISN • Read Independently • Respond to First Impressions (2) • Answer ALL Questions (formative grade)

15. Reflecting on & Creating Definition Writing • Read “Allergy” on page 283 • Discuss Analysis Questions • Work in pairs/groups to define word of choice (approved by me) in a cluster, p.283-4. • Write small paragraph on back to explain the definition. • This is TWO formative grades – creativity (both physical and mental) and accuracy

16. Summative Assignment • Turn to page 430 in WWC book • Read Sachs’ “The Power of One…” • Read over and contemplate the analysis questions • Answer, on a separate sheet of paper, “Suggestions for Writing” Questions 1-3 • THIS IS YOUR SUMMATIVE WRITING

17. Socratic Seminar • Read “My Daughter Smokes” by Alice Walker, V&V page 404, over the weekend • Using the Socratic seminar handout and guiding questions, be prepared to thoroughly discuss the reading upon your return with your classmates • Jot down answers/ideas and have parts of the text annotated for discussion • EVERY ONE WILL PARTICPATE!!!

18. Seminar Day • Choose a partner, sit in front of/behind one another • The inner circle will discuss the reading on Monday – the outer will become the inner on Tuesday & discuss • Each day, the outside circle will “critique” the discussion of the inside circle • Those who are not prepared will sit outside the group and write a summary analysis on an alternative reading • Each student will earn two formative grades – discussing AND critiquing REMINDERS Talk to each other, not me. Be respectful. Take turns. Monitor classmates to ensure 100% participation.