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Healthy Teen Relationships: Preventing Teen Dating Violence

Healthy Teen Relationships: Preventing Teen Dating Violence. Developed by Karen A. Duncan, M.A, LSW, LMFT The Right To Be Safe, Inc. www.theright2besafe.org. Purpose of this program. To highlight for teens what it means to have a healthy relationship during adolescence.

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Healthy Teen Relationships: Preventing Teen Dating Violence

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  1. Healthy Teen Relationships:Preventing Teen Dating Violence Developed by Karen A. Duncan, M.A, LSW, LMFT The Right To Be Safe, Inc. www.theright2besafe.org

  2. Purpose of this program • To highlight for teens what it means to have a healthy relationship during adolescence. • To encourage fun and safe dating for teens. • To help identify when relationships are not safe. • To encourage teens to talk adult who will help. • To educate parents about teen dating violence. • To advocate for classroom prevention education programs with middle school and high school students. Karen Duncan 2006

  3. Part One What Teens Deserve

  4. What Teens Deserve: • Teens have the right to respect. • Teens have the right to kindness. • No one has the right to touch someone else. • Teens have the right to be asked about what they want to do and where they want to go when accepting an invitation to date. • Teens have the right for others to respect their bodies. • Freedom from verbal harassment and abuse. • Remember: Dating is about getting to know another person and making decisions about who you will trust. Karen Duncan 2006

  5. What Teens Need When Dating • Safe places to meet and be together. • Some adult supervision when at parties. • Talking about their values and beliefs. • Less pressure and more relaxed friendships. • Acceptance to be who they are as people. • Remember that trust is earned – people give us reasons to trust them! Karen Duncan 2006

  6. Date Rape Drugs What Teens Need to Know

  7. Date Rape is Serious! • There were 209,880 sexual assaults in the United States in 2003. Karen Duncan 2006

  8. Date Rape • Date rape is a term used to describe when someone rapes (forced intercourse) or sexually assaults (other than forced intercourse such as grabbing, forced oral sex, rubbing up against someone without their permission) someone that they know. • Date rape happens most often to girls. Karen Duncan 2006

  9. Date Rape • Date rape drugs are specific drugs that are used by people in the rape and assault of another person. • Rape and sexual assault is any kind of sexual activity that a person does not agree to! • Fear, confusion or pressure does not translate into consent! Karen Duncan 2006

  10. Date Rape Drugs • Common Date Rape Drugs: • GHB – A liquid with no odor or color; a white powder or pill. • Rohypnol – A pill that dissolves in liquids. Newer pills turn blue in liquid. Older pills have no color. • Ketamine – A white powder. Used with animals to put them to sleep. • Alcohol – Impairs judgment, memory and ability to judge risk or to give full consent. Karen Duncan 2006

  11. What Teenage Boys Can Do: • Stand against sexual assault and violence. • Speak to friends they know are abusive. • Encourage friends to get help from an adult. • Admit that violence is a weapon to gain power and control. • Talk about how you value healthy relationships. Karen Duncan 2006

  12. Part Two How Often?

  13. How often do teens report dating violence? Up to 24.4% of adolescent females. Up to 9.9% of adolescent males. Report experiencing physical and/or sexual violence and emotional and verbal abuse in dating relationships. (1) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2003). Prevalence of Teen Dating Violence (1) Karen Duncan 2006

  14. Sexual assault: (2) 11.9% of girls 6.1% of boys 12.3% of Black students 10.4% of Hispanic students 7.3% of White students (2) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2003). Physical assault: (3) 45.5% of girls 42.2% of boys Girls are more frequently and more severely injured than boys. (3) California Student Survey (2003-2004). Types of Teen Dating Violence Karen Duncan 2006

  15. A Pathway to Violence Karen Duncan 2006

  16. Part Three:Gender Differences TDV: Teen Dating Violence

  17. Gender Differences in TDV:Overall Frequency (4) • Males and female experience different types of dating violence. (4) Prevention Researcher (February, 2000) Karen Duncan 2006

  18. Gender Differences in TDV:Types of Violence(4) • Girls report more severe violence: • Punched • Forced sexual activity • Choked • Threatened with a weapon Karen Duncan 2006

  19. Gender Differences in TDV:Types of Violence(4) • Boys report less severe forms of violence: • Hair pulled • Scratched • Slapped • Pinched • Kicked Karen Duncan 2006

  20. Boysreport their worst incidence of dating violence had: No effect (did not hurt at all). Little effect (hurt me a little). In 90% of the incidents. Girlsreport their worst incidence of dating violence had: Hurt a lot (47.8% of incidences). Resulted in Physical injury: bruises and medical attention (33.6% of incidences). Not hurt at all (8.7% of incidences). Gender Differences in TDV:Impact of Violence(4) Karen Duncan 2006

  21. Boys: Laughed. Ignored it. (4) Prevention Researcher (February 2000) Girls: Fought back (36%)*. Tried to talk to their partners. Obeyed their partner. *Self-defense will account for a percentage of girls aggression in dating violence. Gender Differences in TDV:Reactions to Violence(4) Karen Duncan 2006

  22. Gender Differences in TDV:Initiation of Violence(4) • Girls reported their dating partners initiated the abuse 70% of the time. • Boys reported their dating partners initiated the abuse 27% of the time. Karen Duncan 2006

  23. Boys: Reported they had been making sexual advances (17.1%). Their own jealousy turned to violence (21%). They were drunk at the time (36.8%). Girls: Victimized while partners were making sexual advances (37%). Their own jealousy turned to violence (10%). They were drunk at the time (9.4%). Partners drunk at the time (55%). Gender Differences in TDV:Reasons for the Violence(4) Karen Duncan 2006

  24. Reporting TDV (4) • Less than 3% of students reported the abusive incident to authorities (police, counselor or teacher). • Only 6% recounted the incident to a family member. • 61% told a friend. • Over 30% told no one at all. Karen Duncan 2006

  25. Most abusive incidences occur while the couple is alone: Girls: 60% of the time alone. Someone present: 40% of the time when victim. Boys: 51% of the time alone. Someone present: 49% of the time when a victim. (4) Prevention Researcher (February 2000) Who Witnesses TDV(4) Karen Duncan 2006

  26. Part Four Effects of TDV

  27. Impact of Teen Dating Violence Karen Duncan 2006

  28. School Safety • March 27, 2003 (Austin, Texas) a 15 year old sophomore broke up with her 16 year old boyfriend. • Told teachers he was becoming increasingly violent with her. • Two hours later she was stabbed to death by the ex-boyfriend as school let out. Karen Duncan 2006

  29. School Safety (5) • A high percentage of abuse occurs on school grounds. • Victims see their offenders at school. • Harassment and intimidation occurs in the hallways and classrooms. • Rumors of the violence among peers. • Students are aware of how often dating violence is occurring among their peers and friends but they are not reporting. • (5) Harvard School of Public Health (2001). Karen Duncan 2006

  30. School Safety (5) • Victims of TDV are more likely than classmates to be involved in other forms of campus violence: • More like to carry a gun or other weapon to school. • More likely to be threatened or injured with a weapon at school. • More likely to have been in a physical fight. Karen Duncan 2006

  31. Loss of School Safety (5) • Results in: • Fears and anxieties. • Secondary traumatization to witnesses. • Secrecy and denial among students. • Continuation of victimization. • Continuation of offending. • (5) Harvard School of Public Health (2001). Karen Duncan 2006

  32. Effects to Health and Well-Being (6) • Anxiety, Depression and Dissociation. • Physical health is effected. • Emotional well-being is effected. • Sexually Transmitted Diseases. • Teen Pregnancy. • Substance abuse. • (6) Duncan, K. “Health Impact of Sexual Trauma and Family Violence” (Presentation at the Eastern Conference 2006) Karen Duncan 2006

  33. Future Victimization (7) • When assault reoccurs in teen relationships it can create a pathway to domestic violence. • Rape and sexual assault occurs across a female’s lifetime. • Sexual violence in adolescence increases the likely of future sexual violence. (7) National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (www.cdc.gov) Karen Duncan 2006

  34. Future Offending (8) • Males begin abusive behavior toward partners early in life. • By their early twenties young males already have a substantial history of violence toward females. • Legal intervention is needed as well as early prevention programs for boys/young males. (8) Prevention Researcher (2000). Karen Duncan 2006

  35. Decrease Academic Achievement(9) • Disruption to: • Academic performance. • Motivation to achieve. • Attendance at school. • (9) Duncan, K. (2005); California Department of Education (2004). Karen Duncan 2006

  36. Legal Ramifications (10) • In 1972 Congress amended Title IX to end sex discrimination in schools. • Supreme Court (1999) held up that a student subjected to sexual harassmentby another student has a private action for money damages against the school. • School liable if “deliberately indifferent”. (10) California Attorney General’s Office (2004) Karen Duncan 2006

  37. Legal Barriers/Hurdles (11) • Laws on domestic violence do not necessarily extend to adolescents. • Adolescents do not have access to remedies often afforded to adults: • Protective orders from the courts. • Shelters will provide services but most states prevent continued services without parental notification. • Courts can help in terms of prosecution with adolescents. (11) Prevention Researcher (2000). Karen Duncan 2006

  38. Part Five Intervention Strategies

  39. School Interventions • Conduct a school assessment on TDV. • Develop primary prevention education programs targeted toward boys and parents. • Provide prevention education and reporting about TDV at each grade level starting in 5th grade and continuing through 12th grade. Karen Duncan 2006

  40. School Interventions • Make sexual harassment (sexual bullying) a part of anti-bullying programs – focus on the type of bully who most often perpetuates this type of violence.. • Specific definitions given to students and staff. • Provide for anonymous reporting by peers. • Provide non-judgmental listening. • Provide on-going information to students and parents – monthlynewsletter, flyers, announcements, posters. Karen Duncan 2006

  41. School Interventions • Examples of Linkages within a community– Indiana Coalition Against Sexual Assault. www.INCASA.org and www.RAINN.org. Search your state’s resources. • Focus on decreasing the acceptance of TDV: • Acknowledge violence attitudes. • Challenge male attitudes of entitlement to control and abuse females. • Challenge females attitudes of acceptance of these cultural beliefs. Karen Duncan 2006

  42. School Interventions • Specialized training for counselors and social workers in the schools. • Adapt programs that meet teens needs. • Ideas: • Write plays about teen violence. • Guest Speakers. • Show films. School newspaper. • Art posters. Focus on certain groups. Karen Duncan 2006

  43. Part Six Mitigating the Effects

  44. Mitigating the Effects of TDV • Offer support groups for both victims and offenders. • Provide one-on-one counseling and referral. • Report violence to authorities. • Get parents involved. • Creating safe school environments are a priority. Karen Duncan 2006

  45. Resources: • 1. The Right To Be Safe: Healthy Teen Relationships. www.theright2besafe.org. • 2. WEBCAST: Dating and Violence Should Never Be A Couple http://www.mchcom.com U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. • 3. The Role of Educators in Preventing and Responding to Child Abuse and Neglect. www.calib.com/nccanch/pubs/usermanual.cfm • 4. Centers for Disease Control: • Compendium of Assessment Tools for Youth Violence.www.cdc.gov/injury 770-488-1506. Examples of these tools for schools to use: • Gender Stereotyping • Victimization in Dating Relationships • Perpetration in Dating Relationships Karen Duncan 2006

  46. Handouts: • Take the time to look at the handouts that go with this program and are listed below. • Talk to someone who can help! • Admit there is a problem. • Handouts: • Twelve Indications of A Violent Personality. • Common Date-Rape Drugs. • What Girls Need to Know • What Boys Need to Know • Healthy Relationships Karen Duncan 2006

  47. Being Safe is Your Right! Contact us if you have questions or need to talk to someone! www.theright2besafe.org

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