SOL Review: US History

1. SOL Review: US History Cold War Era

2. A similarity between the Red Scare of the 1920’s and McCarthyism in the 1950’s was that during each period thousands of American citizens were expelled from the United States the Communist Party gained many members in the United States many government employees were convicted of giving secrets to the Soviet Union the civil liberties of American citizens were threatened

3. Which situation resulted from Senator Joseph McCarthy’s search for Communists within the United States during the 1950’s? Thousands of American citizens who believed in communism were either jailed or deported. The reputations of many people were ruined by false accusations of disloyalty Many high-ranking government officials were exposed as spies of the Soviet Union. Organized groups of Communists began a wave of violent political terrorism.

4. The successful launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in 1957 signaled the beginning of American fears that the Soviets had achieved technological superiority the Cold War with the United States Soviet aggression in Afghanistan and China disarmament discussions between the superpowers

5. Most Americans who opposed sending United States troops to fight in the Vietnam War believed that nuclear weapons should be used to end the war the war should be extended into China the United States should not police the world international trade would be interrupted

6. The US belief in the Domino Theory gained momentum when The Berlin Wall was constructed China became communist in 1949 The U2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union Julius & Ethel Rosenberg were put to death

7. What was the main purpose of the GI Bill passed by Congress shortly before the end of World War II? to offer low-interest loans to the defense industry to provide economic aid to veterans to contain the spread of international communism to expand career opportunities in the military

8. What does this photograph indicate about the United States in the 1950s? Extraordinary steps were taken to hide atomic weapons. The nation had become the only nuclear superpower. Much fear was created by the Cold War. Only government officials would be safe in a nuclear attack.

9. The changes shown on the chart most clearly reflect the effects of the Cold War influence of the business cycle failure of United States military policy reverses in political party control of Congress

10. Before ratification of the 22nd amendment in 1951, most presidents served no more than two terms because of a federal law custom and tradition the elastic clause a Supreme Court decision

11. The protestors in the photograph are expressing their hatred for fascists communists immigrants police officers

12. Which development led to the other three? The United States government increased funding for science and math education. The Soviet Union launched the Sputnik satellite. A joint Soviet-American space mission was announced. President John F. Kennedy set the goal of landing a man on the Moon.

13. The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan represented attempts by the United States to deal with the national debt spread of communism President’s political opposition arms race

14. Shortly after World War II, the cold war developed mainly as a result of the United States refusal to send economic aid to European nations Soviet domination of Eastern Europe competition between the superpowers to explore outer space continuation of the pre-World War II balance of power

15. A constitutional issue that was frequently raised about United States involvement in the Korean conflict and the Vietnam conflict was the right to regulate commerce with foreign nations use of deficit spending to finance wars lack of a formal declaration of war by Congress Supreme Court’s role in foreign policy decision-making

16. In the years just after World War II, the United States attempted to prevent the spread of communism in Europe mainly by taking over the governments of several Western European nations increasing opportunities for political refugees to settle in the United States holding a series of summit meetings with leaders of the Soviet Union establishing policies of economic and military aid for European nation

17. During the Korean War, what was the main reason that President Harry Truman dismissed General Douglas MacArthur as commander of the United States troops? The United States had suffered many severe military losses. Congress refused to appropriate any more money to support the war. President Truman believed that General MacArthur’s conduct threatened the concept of civilian control over the military General MacArthur disobeyed President Truman by deciding to stop fighting the war.

18. During the Cold War Era, the easing of tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union resulted in the organization of the Warsaw Pact the invasion of Hungary and Czechoslovakia the Berlin Airlift a treaty banning nuclear tests

19. Which is a valid conclusion based on United States involvement in the Korean War? The policy of containment was applied in Asia as well as in Europe United Nations economic sanctions are more effective than military action. The American people will support United States participation in any war, whether declared or undeclared. United States cooperation with a wartime ally ends when the war ends.

20. The primary purpose of the War Powers Act (1973) is to limit Presidential power to send troops into combat allow for a quicker response to a military attack assure adequate defense of the Western Hemisphere stop the use of troops for nonmilitary purposes

21. The Peace Corps was established by President John F. Kennedy in an effort to provide support to developing nations of the world job training for the unemployed markets for consumer goods teachers for inner-city areas

22. President John F. Kennedy supported the 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba as an effort to remove a communist dictator from power stop the flow of illegal drugs to the United States support Fidel Castro’s efforts for reform rescue hostages held by Cuban freedom fighters

23. The United States experience in the Vietnam War supports the idea that the outcome of a war is determined mainly by technological superiority is dependent on using the greatest number of soldiers is assured to countries dedicated to democratic ideals can be strongly affected by public opinion

24. Which event led directly to the end of the cold war? reunification of Germany formation of the European Union breakup of the Soviet Union creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

25. One way in which the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Persian Gulf War are similar is that in all three wars the goal was to defeat the Soviet Union the United States was primarily interested in protecting oil supplies the United States was fighting without allies no formal declaration of war was made by Congress

26. “Batista Driven from Power” “Bay of Pigs Invasion Fails” “U-2 Planes Reveal Soviet Missiles” These headlines refer to the relationship between the United States and Canada Cuba Mexico Panama

27. The primary purpose of President Richard Nixon’s policy of détente was to expand United States military involvement in Southeast Asia assure an adequate supply of oil from the Middle East ease tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union maintain a favorable balance of trade with China

28. The cartoonist is commenting on which Cold War foreign policy? détente brinkmanship the domino theory collective security

29. Which development is most closely associated with the belief in the domino theory? military involvement in Vietnam construction of the Berlin Wall signing of the nuclear test ban treaty end of the Korean War

30. “Eisenhower Sends U.S. Troops to Protect Lebanon”; “Kennedy Places Quarantine on Shipment of Soviet Missiles to Cuba”; “Johnson Increases U.S. Troop Strength in Vietnam by 125,000” Which statement about the Cold War is illustrated by these headlines? Rivalries between the superpowers often involved conflicts in other nations. United States military support was most often deployed in Europe. Communist forces were frequently victorious in Asia. Summit talks frequently succeeded in limiting international tensions.