SPECIAL EDUCATION PROCESS

1. SPECIAL EDUCATION PROCESS COMPLEX NEEDS MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT Office of Specialized Instructional Services

2. LIFE SKILLS SUPPORT • A FUNCTIONAL SKILLS PROGRAM • STUDENTS LEARN LIFE SKILLS • FUNCTIONAL ACADEMICS • FOR STUDENTS WITH MODERATE INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

3. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT • A FUNCTIONAL LIFE SKILLS PROGRAM • STUDENTS WITH SEVERE TO PROFOUND INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY (MENTAL RETARDATION) AND • AN ADDITIONAL DISABILITY OR DISABILITIES • SPEECH AND LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT • AUTISM • ORTHOPEDIC IMPAIRMENT • OTHER HEALTH IMPAIRED • DEAF/HEARING IMPAIRED and/or • BLIND/VISUALLY IMPAIRED • BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS MAY BE PRESENT

4. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY SIGNIFICANT AND GENERAL IMPAIRED COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING AS MEASURED BY INTELLEGENCE QUOTIENT (I.Q. UNDER 70) DEFICITS IN AT LEAST TWO AREAS OF ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR MANIFESTED DURING THE DEVELOPMENTAL YEARS (UNDER 18)

5. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT • MOST SCHOOL DISTRICT OF PHILADELPHIA MDS PROGRAMS PROVIDE SUPPLEMENTAL SUPPORT • CASELOAD OF UP TO 8 • CLASSES HAVE A TEACHER AND AND 2 CLASSROOM ASSISTANTS • SOME STUDENTS RECEIVE RELATED SERVICES AS PER IEP

6. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT • Some students may have medical conditions requiring special treatments during the school day • Some students are fed through a feeding tube • Some students are accompanied by a private duty nurse who comes with on the bus • Some students have limited ability to move their body intentionally • Adapted equipment assists students with head and trunk supports, supported standing, mat level positioning, seating to facilitate maximum participation. • It is common for students to be on toileting schedules and to need assistance using the toilet, or to need diaper changes

7. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT • Wide range of abilities • Some students are ambulatory and walk/run very well • Some students walk short distances with supervision • Some students need a walker or their hand held • Some students can stand to transfer to a chair • Some students are completely dependent on caregivers for all care and need to be lifted and positioned • Some students say some words and can show what they want • Some students can communicate by smiling, crying, facial expressions or by motor behavior

8. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT- EARLY INTERVENTION • MANY STUDENTS IN MDS PROGRAMS RECEIVED EARLY INTERVENTION SERVICES • STUDENTS ARE DIAGNOSED WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY UNDER AGE 5 • TRANSITION TO SCHOOL AGE PROGRAM INCLUDES REEVALUATION • ENTRY REEVALUATION CAN INCLUDE- • Review of records, observation, interview of parent and teachers, assessment of cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior, screening for related services, other assessments as indicated

9. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT- ASSESSMENT • PSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION and/or • MEASURES OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING • ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR • COMMUNICATION • PHYSICAL and/or OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY • SPECIAL EDUCATION MEDICAL EVALUATION • SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOR EVALUATIONS • LIFE SKILLS AND TRANSITION • NURSING ASSESSMENT • FUNCTIONAL VISION ASSESSMENT • FUNCTIONAL HEARING ASSESSMENT

10. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT- ASSESSMENT • TEACHERS CAN ADMINISTER • BRIGANCE INVENTORY OF EARLY DEVELOPMENT • BRIGANCE INVENTORY OF BASIC SKILLS • COMMUNICATION MATRIX • STAGES • CAREER AND TRANSITION SKILLS INVENTORY

11. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT-ASSESSMENT • FUNCTIONAL BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT • INTERVIEW OF PARENT, THERAPISTS, TEACHERS, AND OTHER PEOPLE WHO WORK WITH THE STUDENT • OBSERVATIONS • REVIEW OF DATA • LOOK FOR PATTERNS • SUMMARY STATEMENT- WHEN____ (antecedent to the behavior of concern),student ________ (behavior of concern),in order to (perceived function of the behavior)________. • ANALYZE BEHAVIOR TO DETERMINE FUNCTION

12. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT-ASSESSMENT • POSITIVE BEHAVIOR SUPPORT PLAN-PBSP • START WITH SUMMARY OF FBA • LOOK FOR REINFORCER THAT IS MAINTAINING BEHAVIOR • REPLACEMENT BEHAVIORS • STRATEGIES- POSITIVE REINFORCERMENT, REDIRECT, AVOID TRIGGERS, BEHAVIOR SHAPING • ADDRESS SKILLS DEFICITS • BEHAVIOR GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES (SDIs ON IEP) • BEHAVIORS MAY BE SENSORY SEEKING • BEHAVIORS MAY BE SELF-INJUROUS (SIB)

13. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT- ASSESSMENT • ALL GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ARE BASED ON BASELINE DATA AND PRESENT LEVELS • MUST ASSESS AND REVIEW DATA TO ESTABLISH BASELINE PERCENTAGE AND SET TARGET PERCENTAGE • DATA COLLECTION TO TRACK PROGRESS

14. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT- ASSESSMENT • TRANSITION ASSESSMENTS-FOR HIGHER FUNCTIONING STUDENTS • CDM-CAREER DECISION MAKER • BRIGANCE TRANSITION INVENTORY • BRIGANCE INVENTORY OF EARLY DEVELOPMENT

15. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT-ASSESSMENT • PASA-PENNSYLVANIA ALTERNATE SYSTEM OF ASSESSMENT • FROM NCLB- ALL STUDENTS MUST BE ASSESSED • ALTERNATE TO THE PSSA, ANNUALLY • GRADES 3,4,5,6,7,8,11-READING AND MATH • GRADES 4,8,11- SCIENCE • MUST BE DETERMINED TO BE ELIGIBLE- IEP TEAM • FOR STUDENTS WITH SIGNIFICANT COGNITIVE DISABILITIES IN MODIFIED PROGRAMS • PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT- VIDEO TAPED

16. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT- ASSESSMENT • SPEECH AND LANGUAGE/COMMUNICATION • SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PATHOLOGIST ADMINISTERS LANGUAGE ASSESSMENT • COMMUNICATION MATRIX USED TO IDENTIFY LEVEL OF COMMUNICATION • ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION FOR STUDENTS NEEDING AN ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM • HIGH TECH DEVICES AND LOW TECH PICTURE SYSTEMS

17. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES- ASSESSMENT FOR ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY AT lead therapists in each region assist with evaluations - Permission to Evaluate is necessary - School team completes student evaluation guide and SETT Framework Picture Exchange (PECS), communication boards (object or picture), electronic devices -single message to multiple messages Modeling communication, using devices and engineering the environment to encourage communication is the JOB of everyone in the classroom

18. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT-CURRICULUM AND INTERVENTIONS • LIFE SKILLS CURRICULUM • FUNCTIONAL SKILLS • ALTERNATIVE CURRICULUM • LEADS TOWARDS INDEPENDENCE • VOCATIONAL SKILLS FOCUS • TRANSITION SKILLS INCLUDED • EMBED FUNCTIONAL SKILLS IN CORE CURRICULUM CONTENT • STANDARD ALIGNED IEPS AND INSTRUCTION • AVAILABLE FOR ELEMENTYARY AND SECONDARY PROGRAMS ON THE SCHOOL DISTRICT OSIS WEBSITE

19. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES-CURRICULUM AND INTERVENTIONS • 6 LIFE SKILLS DOMAINS • PERSONAL MAINTAINANCE • INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION • VOCATIONAL • FUNCTIONAL ACADEMICS • DOMESTRIC MAINTAINANCE • RECREATION AND LEISURE BEHAVIOR AND TRANSITION GOALS ARE INCLUDED WHEN INDICATED. STUDENTS MAY BE ASSISTED BY PROMPTS AND CUES

20. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES- CURRICULUM AND INTERVENTIONS • PERSONAL MAINTENANCE • CARE OF SELF • DRESSING • HYGIENE • BATHROOM AND TOILETING SKILLS • MEALTIME SKILLS AND ETIQUETTE • FITNESS AND EXERCISE • SAFETY • HEALTHY FOOD CHOICES • STUDENTS PARTICIPATE IN ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING TO BECOME AS INDEPENDENT AS POSSIBLE

21. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES- LIFE SKILLS CURRICULUM • DOMESTIC MAINTENANCE • CARE OF ENVIRONMENT • KEEPING DESK AREA CLEAN AND NEAT • CARE OF BELONGINGS • SHOPPING- MAKING CHOICES • COOKING AND MEAL PREPARATION • DOMESTIC SKILLS-CLEANING AND ORGANIZATION • OPERATING APPLIANCES,ON/OFF SWITCHES • LEADS TO INDEPENDENCE • CAN LEAD TO VOCATION SKILL

22. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES-LIFE SKILLS CURRICULUM • VOCATIONAL • FINE MOTOR SKILLS • WORK HABITS • TASK COMPLETION • FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS • WORK RELATED SKILLS AND BEHAVIOR • CARE OF ENVIRONMENT • HIGH SCHOOL -SUPERVISED WORKSHOP SKILLS • TRANSITION PLANNING

23. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES-LIFE SKILLS CURRICULUM • RECREATION AND LEISURE • GAMES- FOLLOWING RULES AND TURN TAKING • PLAYING OR LISTENING TO MUSIC/MOVIES • SPECTATOR ETTIQUETTE • EXPRESSING REFUSAL,DISCOMFORT, FINISHED • MAKING CHOICES • SHOWING A PREFERENCE • ENTERTAINMENT- THE ARTS • ENJOYING SHARING • PARTICIPATE IN READING A BOOK

24. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES-LIFE SKILLS CURRICULUM • INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION • SPEAKING AND LISTENING • REQUESTING AND REFUSING • COMMENTING • SOCIAL INTERACTIONS • APPROPRIATE INTERACTIONS • ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS • PICTURES, SIGNS,GESTURES, DEVICES, MOTOR BEHAVIORS, • ENGINEER ENVIRONMENT TO FACILITATE COMMUNICATION • EVERYONE MODELS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM • EVERY CHILD COMMUNICATES • INCREASED COMMUNICATION CAN IMPROVE BEHAVIORS

25. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES-LIFE SKILLS CURRICULUM • FUNCTIONAL ACADEMICS- LITERACY • RESPONDING TO OBJECTS AND PICTURES • AWARENESS OF SAME AND DIFFERENT • SURVIVAL SIGNS AND ICONS • RESPONDING TO SPOKEN AND WRITTEN NAME • READING PICTURES • IDENTIFYING ATTRIBUTES- COLOR,SIZE,SHAPE • IDENTIFYING FUNCTIONS OF OBJECTS • WRITING- SCRIBBLING,TRACING,LINES • LOCATING SIGNS, PICTURES, LETTERS,WORDS

26. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES-LIFE SKILLS CURRICULUM • FUNCTIONL ACADEMICS- MATH • COUNTING, CONCEPTS, AND MATH LANGUAGE • IDENTIFYING ONE OF, TWO OF, ETC • IDENTIFYING NUMERALS • MONEY • TIME • MEASUREMENT CONCEPTS • SAME,DIFFERENT,LARGEST,SMALLEST • MORE,LESS,MOST,LEAST,LONG,SHORT • WORD PROBLEMS • KITCHEN MATH • CALCULATOR AND COMPUTER

27. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT-RELATED SERVICES • OCCUPATIONAL AND PHYSICAL THERAPY • Related services provided to assist a child with a disability to benefit from his/her education • Occupational therapy-fine motor (hand) • Sensory integration • Physical therapy-gross motor(mobility, movement) • Adapted equipment, positioning equipment • Provided in environment where needed • Monitor program and consult with staff

28. MDS-INTERVENTIONS • RESEARCH BASED, DIRECT INSTRUCTION PROGRAMS AVAILABLE FOR STUDENT WHO HAS HIGHER LEVEL SKILLS • PLACEMENTS TESTS • READING MASTERY LEVELS K-5 PHONEMIC AWARENESS, PHONICS AND DECODING USES ABA TECHNIQUES READING FLUENCY STRESSES MASTERY Language for learning

29. MDS-INTERVENTIONS • RESEARCH BASED MATH PROGRAMS • PLACEMENT TESTS FOR ENTRY • DIRECT INSTRUCTION • USES ABA TECHNIQUES • DISTAR ARITHMETIC • COUNTING CONCEPTS, NUMERATION, PLACE VALUE

30. MDS-INTERVENTIONS • COMMUNICATION MATRIX • COMMUNICATION SKILL ASSESSMENT • FOR INDIVIDUALS AT THE EARLIES STAGES OF COMMUNICATION DEVELOPMENT • FOR INDIVIDUALS WHO USE ANY FORM OF COMMUNICATION INCLUDING PRESYMBOLIC OR ALTERNATIVE AND AUGMENTATIVE FORMS • SEVEN LEVELS OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE

31. MDS-INTERVENTIONS • SEVEN LEVELS OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE • 1.Pre-intentional (reactive) behavior • Child’s behavior not under their control • Reactions- body movements,facial expressions, general behavior • 2.Intentional (pro-active) behavior • Child’s behavior now intentional but without understanding of communicative effect- • Adult interprets needs from behavior, movements, facial, vocalizations, eyegaze • 3.Non-conventional presymbolic communication • Child uses pre-symbolic behaviors intentionally to express needs • Not socially acceptable as child gets older-body movements, pointing, tugging on people, vocalizations, and gestures

32. MDS-INTERVENTIONS • 4.Conventional communication • Child uses pre-symbolic behaviors intentionally • Pointing, nodding and shaking head,-difficult for visually impaired adults continue to use conventional gestures with speech • 5.concrete symbols • Symbols resemble what they represent • Can be picture or part of the actual object, sounds, or motions • Physically impaired children use device, point, or eye gaze • 6.abstract symbols • Speech, manual signs, Brailled or printed words • Do not look like what they represent • 7.language • Combines symbols, grammatical rules, understands word combinations

33. MDS- INTERVENTIONS • Goals for seven levels • 1-establish purposeful behavior- responsive environment • 2-respond to communicative behaviors to make child aware • 3-shape gestures into conventional gestures and symbol use • 4-teach 1:1 correspondence of symbols and referents • 5-teach 1:1 correspondence between abstract symbols and referents • 6-teach combination of symbols into 2 and 3 word utterances • 7-expand semantic and syntactic abilities MASTERY * initiate and respond appropriately to interactions with people * initiate actions upon objects and structures, respond to problems and demands presented by the environment

34. MDS-INTERVENTIONS • Design to Learn • Design Profile –Environmental Inventory • Transitions • The activity • Adult’s interaction • Communication system • Peer interaction • Opportunities to communicate • Opportunities to use objects • materials

35. MDS-Design to Learn • Seven principles for promoting functional and spontaneous behavior • Capitalize on the learner’s natural preferences, motivations, and affinities • Allow the learner as much control as possible over environment • Shift stimulus control of target behavior toward environmental stimuli that may occur naturally • Ensure learner has means to communicate that is appropriate to sensory, cognitive, and physical abilities • Provide comfortable and predictable environment • Remain alert and available to interact and respond • Respond to learner’s communication appropriately

36. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT-TRANSITION • TRANSITION-BRIDGE TO ADULT LIFE • TRANSITION PLANNING BEGINS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL • IEP MUST ADDRESS TRANSITION AT AGE 14 • THREE AREAS FOR TRANSITION • POST SECONDARY EDUCATION • EMPLOYMENT • INDEPENDENT LIVING

37. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT-TRANSITION • One of the primary purposes of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is to:“ensure that all children with disabilities have available to them a free appropriate public education that emphasizes special education and related services designed to meet their unique needs and prepare them for employment and independent living.” (34 CFR §300.1(a))

38. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT-TRANSITION • EFFECTIVE TRANSITION PLANNING IS KEY • Special Education Services are ultimately intended to prepare students with disabilities to meet the challenges and opportunities of living, working, and participating fully in community life.

39. MULTIPLR DISABILITIES SUPPORT-TRANSITION • TRANSITION PLANNING MUST • Identify and link students and families to needed post-school services, supports, and/or programs before students exit the school system. • AGENCY PARTICIPATION AT IEP MEETINGS WILL PROMOTE PARTNERSHIPS WITH COMMUNITY SUPPORTS

40. MDS-SUMMARY OF TRANSITION REQUIREMENTS OF IDEA • Provide instruction, related services, community experiences, adult living, employment, and daily living training to students while in high school. • Assist students and families in making linkages to services needed after high school. • Increase chances for students to be successful once they exit

41. MDS- TRANSITION • VOCATIONAL PROGRAMS • STUDENTS LEARN RESPONSIBILITY • HIGH SCHOOL 14-17 YEAR OLDS BEGIN AWARENESS OF SPECIFIC JOBS APPROPRIATE FOR THEIR ABILITY • COMMUNITY BASED INSTRUCTION INCLUDES FUNCTIONING IN THE COMMUNITY AND INDEPENDENT LIVING SKILLS • SOME STUDENTS PARTICIPATE IN SUPERVISED, APPROPRIATE SCHOOL BASED JOBS • GOAL TO TEACH STUDENTS TO PARTICIPATE IN THEIR DAILY CARE AND LIVING ACTIVITIES AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE

42. MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT-INCLUSION • STUDENTS IN MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT PROGRAMS BENEFIT FROM PARTICIPATION IN ALL SCHOOL ACTIVITIES AND EVENTS • IDEA gives all children with disabilities the right to a Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) in the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) • PLANNING MUST OCCUR TO PROVIDE APPROPRIATE INCLUSION OF STUDENTS IN MULTIPLE DISABIOLITIES SUPPORT PROGRAMS IN REGULAR EDUCATION AS MUCH AS APPROPRIATE AND POSSIBLE • NON-DISABLED PEERS • CORE CURRICULUM

43. MDS-PROGRESS MONITORING • DATA COLLECTION IS REGULARLY SCHEDULED IN MULTIPLE DISABILITIES SUPPORT CLASSROOMS • GOALS AND OBJECTIVES • OBSERVABLE • MEASURABLE • CRITERIA FOR MEETING TARGET • INCLUDES CONDITION AND PROMPTS • PROMPTS • ENVIRONMENTAL,SETTING, MATERIALS • VERBAL-DIRECT AND INDIRECT, PICTURES OR DEVICE,SIGNS • GESTURES • MODEL • PHYSICAL ASSIST TO INCLUDE HAND OVER HAND • PROBES TAKEN WEEKLY OR BIWEEKLY

44. MDS-PROGRESS MONITORING • EACH STUDENT SHALL HAVE A BINDER OR FOLDER • DATA COLLECTION SHEETS • COMMUNITY BASED INSTRUCTION • IEP • WORK SAMPLES • TEACHER MADE TESTS INTERVENTIONS PERFORMANCE/MASTERY CHECKS DESIGN TO LEARN INVENTORY

45. MDS-PROGRESS MONITORING • PROGRESS REPORTING • INFORMAL NOTES TO PARENTS IN COMMUNICATION BOOK • ANNUAL IEP MEETING OR PARENT REQUEST • REPORT CARD CONFERENCES • PROGRESS REPORT FROM EasyIEP • GRADEBOOK REPORT CARD, 4 TIMES A YEAR • MARKS ARE GIVEN FOR GOALS IN DOMAINS • A-ACHIEVED • B-MADE PROGRESS • C-MAINTAINED • D-REGRESSED

46. MDS –COMMUNITY BASED INSTRUCTION • CBI-COMMUNITY BASED INSTRUCTION • Sites needed determined by IEP goals • IEP goals/objectives are implemented in community settings • Students generalize and practice skills learned • Data is taken for every student • Sites must meet special criteria- • Insurance certificates- ACORD • Accessibility and temperature control • Approved by Office of Risk Management

47. MDS- ALTERNATIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS • BUSES PROVIDED TO PRE-APPROVED ALTERNATE LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS FOR COMMUNITY BASED INSTRUCTION • REQUEST FORMS SENT TO TEACHERS IN SEPTEMBER • REQUESTS MUST INCLUDE JUSTIFICATION AND GOALS FOR EACH STUDENT • PRINCIPAL REVIEWS AND SIGNS • DATA IS TAKEN ON GOALS IN COMMUNITY SITES • STUDENTS SHOULD ALSO HAVE EXPERIENCES IN AND AROUND THE SCHOOL

48. MDS- ESY Extended School Year • ESY must be considered for all students with disabilities. In considering whether a student is eligible, a list of questions must be considered. No single factor will be considered determinative. • Students in complex support programs must have this eligibility determined prior to February 28, for the ESY year. If this determination is not part of the annual IEP, a NOREP for ESY must be issued. • If the student has a severe disability such as autism, severe intellectual disability ( mental retardation),or severe multiple disabilities, this is a factor considered for eligibility.

49. MDS- ESY Extended School Year • Other factors to be considered for ESY eligibility • Does the student have a measurable decrease in skills or behavior following a break in programming (regression)? • What is the student’s capacity to recover ?(recoupment) • Will problems with regression and recoupment make it unlikely that student will maintain skills and behaviors? • Did the student master new skills at the point that the educational program would be interrupted? • Is a skill or behavior crucial for student to meet goals of self-sufficiency and independence from caregivers? • Do interruptions cause withdrawal from learning process?

50. MDS-ESY Extended School Year • Sources for data- • Progress on goals in consecutive ieps • Data of progress before and after interruptions • Reports by parents of negative changes • Medical reports of degenerative-type difficulties • Observations by educators, parents, and others • Results of tests ESY is NOT based on need for day care, respite care, summer recreation, or desire or need for programs not needed for provision of FAPE. If all goals are not met during the year, this does not mean ESY should be provided to meet the goals. This information is provided in more detail is ESY section of EasyIEP.