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40,000,000* eggs per year takenfrom wild salmon. *Based on ICES Working Group on North Atlantic salmon 2000. Salmon stocking in the North Atlantic. The aim of stocking is to make
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1. Salmon Stocking – An International Point of ViewTed Potter Colloquium on Atlantic salmon:
“Atlantic Salmon: for Better Management of Habitats
and Salmon-Farms for Restocking”
21-22 October 2009, Oloron-Stainte-Marie
2. 40,000,000*
eggs per year taken
from wild salmon Salmon stocking in the North Atlantic
3. Experiences of stocking in Europe
4. Many reasons and methods Mitigation:
Compensating for a problem that cannot be removed
Restoration:
Assisting the recovery of a stock after a problem has been removed
Enhancement:
Supplementing a stock when production is less than the potential
Ranching:
Releasing fish with the intention of catching the majority of the returns
5. Some examples
6. Restoration stocking
7. Mitigation stocking
8. Salmon rod catch
9. Mitigation stocking
10. Salmon rod catch
11. Salmon rod catch
12. What did stocking contribute?
13. What caused the improvements?
16. Few programmes have been well monitored
Many studies fail to assess overall effectiveness and impacts
17. Enhancement stocking Competition
18. Predation !!
20. Diseases and parasites
21. Genetic effects Loss of local adaptations:
Growth rate
Age of smolting
Smolt run timing
Maturation age
Adult run timing
etc
Loss of heterogeneity
22. Is stocking effective? Survival of reared fish is higher in hatchery BUT lower after release
So stocking can produce more fish IF habitat connectivity and quality are adequate
But the benefits are often small
23. Is stocking effective?
24. What is the international advice? NASCO -Williamsburg Resolution
25. NASCO advice All stocking activities should be regulated
26. Address the problems
habitat
obstructions
pollution
fisheries
etc
27. Assess and minimise the risks:
conduct health inspections
seek expert genetic advice
evaluate risks to the ecosystem
minimise the effects of the hatchery rearing
28. Monitor the results …
contribution to catches
contribution to spawning
impacts on wild populations
29. Merci