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Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia. www.psychlotron.org.uk. Clinical description Biological explanations Psychological explanations. Schizophrenia. www.psychlotron.org.uk. Schizophrenia is not a multiple personality A psychotic disorder involving a break with reality

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Schizophrenia

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  1. Schizophrenia www.psychlotron.org.uk • Clinical description • Biological explanations • Psychological explanations

  2. Schizophrenia www.psychlotron.org.uk • Schizophrenia is not a multiple personality • A psychotic disorder involving a break with reality • Many different manifestations with a few shared features

  3. Schizophrenia diagnosis www.psychlotron.org.uk • At least two of the following: • Hallucinations (us. auditory or somatic) • Delusions (oft. linked to hallucinations) • Disorganised speech • Disorganised or catatonic behaviour • Negative symptoms • Social & occupational dysfunction • Duration of several months

  4. Schizophrenia diagnosis www.psychlotron.org.uk • Diagnostic subtypes • Paranoid • Catatonic • Disorganised • Undifferentiated • Type 1 - Episodic, mainly positive symptoms • Type 2 - Chronic, mainly negative symptoms

  5. Schizophrenia prevalence www.psychlotron.org.uk • 1% lifetime risk in general population • Holds true for most geographical areas although rates do vary • Abnormally high in Southern Ireland, Croatia; significantly lower rates in Italy, Spain (Torrey, 2002) • Risk factors include low SES, minority ethnicity, urban residence

  6. Schizophrenia onset www.psychlotron.org.uk Source: CIHI (2001)

  7. Schizophrenia prognosis www.psychlotron.org.uk • ‘Rule of the thirds’ (rule of thumb): • 1/3 recover more or less completely • 1/3 episodic impairment • 1/3 chronic decline • Confirmed in US & UK (Stevens, 1978) • With treatment about 60% of patients manage a relatively normal life • Prognosis better in non-industrialised societies

  8. Schizophrenia explanations www.psychlotron.org.uk • Biological • Genetics • Neurochemicals & hormones • Structural brain abnormalities • Psychological • Family dynamics • Life stress • Urbanicity

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