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News about RHIC with comments about PHOBOS, BRAHMS and the Upgrade Plans for STAR and PHENIX Jim Thomas Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory SQM ‘06 @ UCLA March 31 st , 2006. BRAHMS. PHOBOS. PHENIX. News from RHIC. RHIC can run at 4.6 GeV – see GSFS
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News about RHIC with comments about PHOBOS, BRAHMS and the Upgrade Plans for STAR and PHENIX Jim Thomas Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory SQM ‘06 @ UCLA March 31st, 2006
BRAHMS PHOBOS PHENIX News from RHIC RHIC can run at 4.6 GeV – see GSFS Proposal to retire the Tandem accelerators as the HI injector to RHIC An EBIS source will take their place All ions will be possible including U and polarized 3He Cost of operation will decrease Operational in 2010 h
Cooling Solenoid (26 m, 2-5 T) Gold beam Buncher Cavity Debuncher Cavity e-Beam Dump Rf Gun Linac Luminosity Upgrade with Electron Cooling Gold collisions (100 GeV/n x 100 GeV/n): w/o e-cooling with e-cooling Ave. store luminosity [1026 cm-2 s-1] 8 70 Pol. Proton Collision (250 GeV x 250 GeV): Ave. store luminosity [1032 cm-2 s-1] 1.5 5.0 Electron cooling reduces the inter-beam Coulomb scattering and reduces the size of the beam at the IP Luminosity leveling through continuously adjusted cooling Store length limited to 4 hours by “burn-off” First collider accelerator to be limited by beam losses due to interactions that are the subject of study by the experiments
BRAHMS 2 Spectrometers - fixed target geometry Magnets, Tracking Chambers, TOF, RICH PHOBOS “Table-top” 2 Arm Spectrometer Magnet, Si -Strips, Si Multiplicity Rings, TOF Paddle Trigger Counter TOF Spectrometer Octagon+Vertex Ring Counters Inclusive particle production over a large rapidity and pt range Low pt charged hadrons Multiplicity in 4 & Particle Correlations Two “Small” Detectors at RHIC
News from PHOBOS and BRAHMS • PHOBOS has completed its data taking mission • Currently being de-commissioned • Analysis of data on tape is still on-going; such as flow observables from the Cu-Cu run • BRAHMS’ data taking mission is nearly complete • Request one brief run with polarized protons at 62 GeV • Analysis of data on tape is still on-going Congratulations to the “small” experiments for beautiful physics measurements over a large rapidity interval.
STAR Solenoidal field Large Solid Angle Tracking TPC’s, Si-Vertex Tracking RICH, EM Cal, TOF PHENIX Axial Field High Resolution & Rates 2 Central Arms, 2 Forward Arms TEC, RICH, EM Cal, Si, TOF, -ID Measurements of Hadronic observables using a large acceptance spectrometer Leptons, Photons, and Hadrons in selected solid angles (especially muons) News from the “Large” Detectors at RHIC
Detector Upgrades • Each detector discovers a different part of the Elephant’s story • The detector upgrades are designed to complete the coverage of the physics program • and open new vistas • the charm and beauty sector … dE/dx, flow, coalescence, NCQ scaling
STAR Upgrades • Full Barrel MRPC TOF • DAQ Upgrade (order of magnitude increase in rate) • Tracking upgrade: • High precision Heavy Flavor Tracker near the vertex • Inner tracker • End cap tracker for W sign determination • Forward Meson Spectrometer
The TOF Upgrade • Multiplate RPC technology • Beautiful electron ID • 85 ps timing resolution after slewing corrections • Each tray has 72 channels • 2 full tray this year, with new electronics • Proposal funded by the DOE • Construction and install in 2006, 2007, and 2008
One “tray” (2p/60 azimuth, 0<h<1) K p p e • Doubles the pT range for PID
TPC FEE and DAQ Upgrade – DAQ 1000 • Faster, smaller, better … ( 10x ) • Current TPC FEE and DAQ limited to 100 Hz • Replace TPC FEE with next generation CERN based chips … 1 kHz readout • Make the FEE smaller to provide space for a forward tracking upgrade • Further improvements by only archiving “associated” clusters – build on L3 algorithms … 5 kHz !
Dual CERN D-RORC with fibers on the board Single D-RORC with 1 fiber mezzanine Mezzanine DDL ALICE FEE & DAQ • Four steps to an order of magnitude increase in data acquisition rates • TPC FEE (BNL&LBL) • TPC RDO (BNL) • DAQ Transmitter (CERN) • DAQ Receiver (CERN)
The HFT: 2 layers of Si at mid rapidity The Heavy Flavor Tracker • A new detector • 30 mm silicon pixels to yield 10 mm space point resolution • 100 M pixels • Direct Topological reconstruction of Charm • Detect charm decays with small ct, including D0 K • New physics • Charm collectivity and flow to test thermalization at RHIC • Charm Energy Loss to test pQCD in a hot and dense medium at RHIC • Desirable to have it in time for the next long Au-Au run
Surround the vertex with Si A thin detector using 50 m Si to finesse the limitations imposed by MCS
3 layers of Si at mid rapidity 3 layers of Si + 2 layers of GEM at forward rapidity Inner & Forward Tracking Upgrades • The IST will add high quality space points to tracks in the TPC • Si at h = 0 • The FST and FGT add high quality space points at forward η • 1 < η < 2 • High Rate tracking for heavy flavor physics and W production • Add high quality space points to tracks at high rapidity in the TPC by putting a triple-GEM detector in the gap between the TPC electronics and the EEMC
Forward Meson Spectrometer Upgrade • Study forward p0 production at RHIC ( 2.4 < h < 4.0 ) • Expand the existing FPD array for forward physics • 2.4 meter square array of PbGl EMCal modules on the West end • Use finer segmentation in the middle of the array • Study vector mesons that decay into p0 and/or photons. • Installation in ‘06
The Forward Meson Spectrometer (detail) 3.8 cm inner 7.6 cm outer L.Bland End View of the PbGl Array ~ 2.4 m square, ~ 1500 PMTs Side View of the East Pole Tip
PHENIX Upgrade Plan • An aerogel and time-of-flight system to provide complete p/K/p separation for momenta up to 10~GeV/c. • A hadron-blind detector to detect and track electrons near the vertex • A vertex detector to detect displaced vertices from the decay of mesons containing charm or bottom quarks. • A muon trigger upgrade to preserve sensitivity at the highest projected RHIC luminosities. • A forward calorimeter to provide photon+jet studies over a wide kinematic range.
PHENIX Central Arm Upgrades • Vertex Spectrometer • flexible magnetic field • VTX: silicon barrel vertex tracker • HBD and/or TPC • Enhanced Particle ID • TRD (east) • Aerogel/TOF (west) VTX VTX HBD/TPC HBD/TPC Aerogel/TOF TRD charm/beauty: TRD e/ above 5 GeV/c e+e- continuum: Dalitz rejection High pT phenomena: , K, p separation to 10 GeV/c charm/beauty: displaced vertex
partner positron needed for rejection signal electron Cherenkov blobs Dalitz Rejection: a Hadron Blind Detector • Dalitz rejection via opening angle • HBD is a proximity focused Cherenkov detector with ~ 50 cm radiator length • Provides minimal signals for charged particle • HBD concept: • Windowless Cherenkov detector • CF4 as radiator and detector gas • CsI reflective photocathode • Triple GEM with pad readout Bandwidth 6-11eV, N0 ≈ 940cm-1, Npe ≈40 No photon feedback Low granularity, relatively low gain
Silicon Vertex Tracker (VTX) VTX barrel |h|<1.2 Pixel Detectors at R ~ 2.5 & 5 cm Strip Detectors at R ~ 10 & 14 cm Endcap 1.2<|h|<2.7 Pixel barrel (50 mm x 425 mm) Strip barrels (80 mm x 3 cm) Endcap (extension) (50 mm x 2 mm) 1 - 2% X0 per layer barrel resolution < 50 mm endcap resolution < 150 mm
Cerenkov Silicon endcap Muon from hadron decays Muon from W U-Tracker Nosecone Calorimeter Tail Catcher D-Tracker Forward Upgrade Components • Muon trigger • U-tracker (MuTr or new) • D-tracker (timing with RPC’s) • Cerenkov • Endcap Vertex Tracker • silicon pixel detectors • Nosecone EM Calorimeter • W-silicon (20-50 X/X0) • shower max • tail catcher charm/beauty & jets: displaced vertex g,g-jet,W,p0,h,c: calorimeter W and quarkonium: improved m-trigger rejection
Nose-Cone Calorimeter • Prototype silicon wafer • 3 different versions of “stri-pixel” detectors for the preshower and shower max layers • Extended physics reach • Dq/q polarizations via spin dependent W-production • Small x-physics in d-A • Extended A-A program • high pT phenomena: p0 and g-jet • Replace existing PHENIX “nose-cones” (hadronic absorbers for muon arms) with Si-W calorimeter (Tungsten with Si readout) • Major increase in acceptance forphoton+jet studies
PHENIX Upgrades Schedule R&D Phase Construction Phase Ready for Data
Summary • The scientific program at RHIC is rich and diverse • Rare probes and high pt phenomena are a rich source of new discoveries • Strangeness, Charm, and Beauty are likely to yield even more new discoveries • We have promising spin program that is making critical and unique measurements • The scientific program at RHIC will keep getting better • The performance of the accelerator is improving each due to a carefully planned set of upgrades. • STAR will explore charm, beauty, and higher pt spectra at ever increasing data acquisition rates. • PHENIX will add sophisticated PID and tracking near the vertex. • These upgrades will yield exciting new physics results The Future is Very Bright