Response to an Animal Disease Emergency

1. Response to an Animal Disease Emergency

2. Steps in a Response • Detection • Investigation/Diagnosis • Quarantine/Stop Movements • Surveillance • Depopulation • Disposal • Cleaning and Disinfection • Indemnity/Recovery Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

3. Local State State or Federal Local Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

4. Animal Disease Emergency Indicators • Increased illness, death, or abortion rates • Significant drop in production • Ulcers or blisters around the animal’s mouth or feet • Sudden lameness • Any nervous system signs • Pox or lumpy skin conditions • Severe respiratory conditions • Any unusual or unexplained illness Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

5. FADD Investigation • Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostician • Specially trained veterinarian • Over 500 FADD investigations in U.S. each year • In Iowa, 25-50 each year • Visits premise within 24 hours • Inspects animals and makes field diagnosis • Consults with State Veterinarian and AVIC on case priority and necessary actions • Sample collection • Sample handling (priority level) • Control measures: movement restrictions, quarantine Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

6. Case Priorities Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

7. Animal Health Laboratory Submissions • Routine (daily) testing • ISU CVM Diagnostic Laboratory • Other Private Laboratory Facilities • National Veterinary Laboratory Network • When a foreign animal disease is suspected • Foreign Animal Disease Laboratory, Plum Island, NY (cloven hoofed) • National Veterinary ServicesLaboratory – Ames (poultry, equine, fish) Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

8. Response Actionsbased on laboratory diagnosisinitial testing results in 12-24 hours Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

9. Response • Preparedness plan in action • Expedient, safe, effective • Level of response depends on: • Particular disease • Ability of disease to spread • Degree of spread • Resources available Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

10. Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

11. Single Premises Response • One location • FADD investigates • Diagnosis • Quarantine premises • Most coordination at State level • Treat or depopulate • Federal authorities manage international issues Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

12. Multiple Premises, Confined Area Response • Everything for single premise • Increased quarantine Area • REGIONAL Involvement • State, federal and industry agricultural authorities handle situation with or without State Declared Emergency • USDA Secretary of Agriculture may issue Declaration of Emergency Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

13. Multiple Premises, Multi-State Response • Previous response actions plus • National movement controls • State Level Emergency declared • U.S. Secretary of Agriculturerequests assistance from DHS • National Response Plan and ESF 11 activated • APHIS is the lead agency Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

14. Euthansia • Humane method • Determined by State or Federal Veterinarian • May include • Cervical dislocation • Carbon dioxide • Captive bolt • Anesthetic overdose Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

15. Disposal Options • Burial on-site • Composting • Incineration • Rendering • Alkaline hydrolysis • Landfill • Biosecurity concerns • Disease characteristics • Quarantine zones • Open burning (not allowed in Iowa) Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

16. Disposal Options • Disposal restricted by • Disease characteristics • Ease of transmission • Method of transmission • Zoonotic potential • Quarantine zones • Other restrictions per the State Veterinarian Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

17. IDNR: Carcass Disposal Maps • www.iowadnr.gov • Site considerations of burial locations • Environmental: Water tables • Proximity to habitation • Disease transmission • GIS Mapping - Interactive • Mapping (GIS interactive) • 3 tiered approach • Red – restricted zones • Multiple colors – cautionary zones • Green – No known restrictions Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

18. Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

19. Recovery • Restore confidence • Requires time, money, effort • Cleaning and disinfection • Indemnity for livestock owners • Restocking • Business continuity Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008

20. Acknowledgments Development of this presentationwas funded by a grant from theIowa Homeland Securityand Emergency Management andthe Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship to theCenter for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University. Contributing Authors: Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MPH, DACVPM; Danelle Bickett-Weddle, DVM, MPH, DACVPM; Gayle Brown, DVM, PhD Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008