Types of Groups

1. Formal Groups Command group : formal group determined by structure Task group: formal group organized for a specific task Committees: handles problems outside of regular assignments Informal groups Social groups: people who enjoy each other’s company (chat groups) Interest groups: groups that develop informally around a common interest (news groups, listserv members) Types of Groups

2. Characteristics of Groups • Composition • homogenous groups: qualities in common • heterogeneous groups: few qualities in common • Size • small groups: good communication, satisfaction • large groups: can specialize; coordination, communication problems • Status

3. Attraction to Groups • Social and emotional needs • social affirmation • recognition • security • prestige • Instrumental function • goal achievement

4. Cohesiveness Mutual attractiveness of a group to its members Causes 1. member similarity 4. isolation 2. group size 5. competition 3. high entrance 6. shared standards success Cohesiveness

5. Outcomes of Cohesiveness Group goals support the organization Group goals undermine the organization 1. Communication detracts from work 2. Conformity restricts productivity 3. Goals support group at expense of organization 1. Increased activity & communication 2. Conformity to norms 3. Goal achieve -ment 4. Satisfaction Cohesiveness

6. Disadvantages to Cohesiveness • Changing course of action is difficult due to high levels of commitment • Socialization can detract from work issues and productivity • Group goals can replace organizational goals

7. Turning the Group Around • Build a record of success • Build the vision • Build a sense of team feeling • Create a competitive edge • Take the group on a retreat