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A History of the Discovery and Naming of Offshore Atlantic and Gulf Coast Undersea Features

A History of the Discovery and Naming of Offshore Atlantic and Gulf Coast Undersea Features. Captain Albert E. Theberge, NOAA Corps (ret.), NOAA Central Library, Member BGN Advisory Committee for Undersea Features. Timeline of Atlantic Undersea Discovery.

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A History of the Discovery and Naming of Offshore Atlantic and Gulf Coast Undersea Features

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  1. A History of the Discovery and Naming of Offshore Atlantic and Gulf Coast Undersea Features Captain Albert E. Theberge, NOAA Corps (ret.), NOAA Central Library, Member BGN Advisory Committee for Undersea Features

  2. Timeline of Atlantic Undersea Discovery • 1605 First Recorded Soundings on East Coast in Plymouth Harbor by Samuel De Champlain • Gulf of Maine -1610 St. Georges Bank Shown on English Map – Jefferys Ledge and Cashes Ledge discovered by 1675 • 1841 First Modern Deepsea Sounding by Sir James Clark Ross at 27S 17W • 1845 U.S. Coast Survey begins systematic studies of Gulf Stream resulting in discovery of continental shelf break and continental slope • 1853 Mid-Atlantic Ridge discovered by Lieutenant Otway Berryman on the USS DOLPHIN

  3. Bathymetric Firsts Continued • 1856-57 First trans-Atlantic sounding transects by USS Arctic and HMS Cyclops • 1868 Pourtales Terrace discovered by Coast Survey off southern Florida coast – First named U.S. offshore feature not on continental shelf • 1869 Josephine Bank discovered by Swedish Research Vessel Josephine – first stand-alone seamount discovered in Atlantic

  4. Philosophy of Naming Undersea Features • The Greater Features of the Ocean Floor Are • to Be Named from Their Geographical Situation • 2. As Far as Available Soundings Admit of the Determination of Submarine Form, Naming Is to Be Carried Out Systematically with Respect to Definite Morphological Characteristics

  5. Philosophy of Names Continued 3. There Are Certain Important Points and Features in the Relief of the Ocean Floor Which It Is Desirable to Designate by Names. These Names Should Reflect Geographic Association or Commemorate Worthy Individuals, Vessels of Discovery, or Institutions.

  6. East Coast, Gulf Coast and Caribbean Features Over 400 Named Undersea Features Canyons, Basins, One Rock, Swells, Escarpments, Ledges, Domes, Seamounts, Reefs, etc.

  7. THE ROAD TO DISCOVERY AND NAMING

  8. Prince Henry 1394-1460 Christopher Columbus discovers New World 1492

  9. Martin Behaim Globe 1492

  10. Juan de la Cosa Map 1500

  11. Martin Waldseemuller 1507 – America

  12. Hernando Cortes – 1st Map of the Gulf of Mexico

  13. Battista Agnes Map of 1543 with First Mapped Depth and Possible Indication of Gulf Stream

  14. Left – 1544 Sebastian CabotRight – 1590 Anon. Note Spelling

  15. 1575 Soundings written in Pilot Book1584 Waghenaer produces first nautical charts

  16. 1675 John Darby Map of Gulf of Maine

  17. Matthew Fontaine Maury’s First Bathymetric Map of theAtlantic Ocean 1853

  18. Matthew Fontaine Maury – Second Bathymetric Map 1854

  19. HMS CYCLOPS Sounding 1857Note Coiling of Sounding Line

  20. Maury 1858 Telegraphic Plateau

  21. Coast Survey/ MaurySteps to the Discovery of Hudson Canyon

  22. Count Louis Francoisde Pourtales’ Map of Upper Reaches of Hudson Canyon - 1870

  23. First Physiographic Diagram of Hudson CanyonbyAdolph Lindenkohl of the Coast Survey

  24. 1845-1869 Coast Survey Maps Atlantic Offshore.1868 Pourtales Plateau (Terrace) Discovered

  25. 1873-1884 Gulf of Mexico – First Modern Bathymetric Map and 3D Imagery

  26. Sigsbee, Agassiz, and the BLAKE

  27. Continental Shelf Delineation Arredondo 1742 Political Map Alexander Agassiz 1888 in “Three Cruises of the Blake”

  28. 19th Century Sounding Equipment

  29. Offshore Navigation 1750-1965 1886 1750 1870 1964

  30. Atlantic Basin – 1873 Progressing to 1877

  31. Sir John Murray Atlantic Ocean 1895

  32. 1912 Groll Map of Atlantic

  33. Acoustic Sounding Systems Begin to Unveil Details of the Seafloor - 1922 Onward German Meteor Expedition Hayes Sonic Sounder 1922

  34. New Technologies

  35. Radio Acoustic Ranging – First Offshore Non-visual Navigation

  36. 1931 Coast Survey Begins Outer Continental Shelf and Slope Surveys Value of Bathymetry to Navigation

  37. Canyons – Among First Professional Work of Francis Shepard – The Father of Marine Geology Francis Shepard 1964 on C&GS Ship PIONEER Georges Bank Canyons Contoured by Francis Shepard 1932

  38. Radio-Acoustic Ranging Surveys in Gulf of Mexico 1937 – Salt Domes Discovered

  39. Salt Domes at Edge of Shelf 1937 - Properly Interpreted by Francis Shepard

  40. The Revolution Begins – Veatch-Smith Map of 1939

  41. Gulf of Maine –1940 Survey

  42. Gulf of Maine Continued- Equal Time Union and Confederates

  43. Norfolk Canyon 1948Blake Plateau 1948

  44. Charleston Bump/ Blake Plateau -Bump First Discovered in 1853

  45. South FloridaG.F. Jordan 1962

  46. Florida West CoastDe Soto Canyon - Florida Escarpment Florida Escarpment G. F. Jordan 1962 De Soto Canyon – H. W. Murray 1948

  47. Modern SystemsMulti-beam Sounding and GPS

  48. Mitchell Dome 1988

  49. Mitchell Basin1992

  50. Gulf View 1990

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