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Chapter 36: Rock Rock: Music of Rebellion

Chapter 36: Rock Rock: Music of Rebellion. Antecedents of Rock. Rhythm and Blues Descended from a laid-back, riff-based bluesy swing Small rhythm section (piano, guitar, bass, and drums) accompany a few saxophones and other “ horns ” Unambiguous duple meter

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Chapter 36: Rock Rock: Music of Rebellion

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  1. Chapter 36: RockRock: Music of Rebellion

  2. Antecedents of Rock • Rhythm and Blues • Descended from a laid-back, riff-based bluesy swing • Small rhythm section (piano, guitar, bass, and drums) accompany a few saxophones and other “horns” • Unambiguous duple meter • 12-bar blues over a walking bass style called boogie woogie • First developed in and was marketed to African Americans • Cross-over hits in the early 1940’s by Louis Jordan • “Caldonia” (1945) • “Choo Choo Ch’ Boogie” (1946) • Songs like Roy Brown’s “Good Rockin’ Tonight” (1947) and Jimmy Preston’s “Rock the Joint” (1949) pointed the way to a more raucous style

  3. “Rock 88” (1951) by Ike Turner’s Kings of Rhythm • Showcased Jackie Brenston’s loose vocal phrasing framed by Turner’s hammering triplets and syncopated right-hand figures on the piano • Walking bass: fuzzy electric guitar sound connected to a damaged amplifier created a definitive sound

  4. Rock and Roll • Term coined by pioneering radio disk jockey Alan Freed (1921-1965) • Music disseminated through radio broadcasts • Freed’s broadcasts were replayed in Europe • “Rocking and Rolling”: old nautical term referring to the motion of boats • Term applied to movements during religious ecstasy and dance

  5. Elvis Presley (1935-1977) • Career began performing “hillbilly music,” singing gospel music in church, and listening to blues and jazz in the black neighborhood of Memphis • Combined genres of indigenous American black and white rural music • 149 songs appeared on Billboard’s “Hot 100 Pop Chart” • 1956 recording and TV performance of “Hound Dog” • Movie roles • Buddy Holly (and the Crickets) • 12-bar blues without the blue notes • Twangy guitar strumming and snareless locomotive drumming • Pat Boone, “Fats” Domino, “Little Richard” Penniman

  6. Rock • The Beatles (1960-1970): John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, Ringo Starr • Performance on The Ed Sullivan Show February 9, 1964 had profound effect on music and culture • Developed an unprecedented ability to create original, fresh sounds with radical experimentation in both songwriting and studio recording • Classically trained producer George Martin • Mature songs were deeper, musically complex, and verbally intricate • “Strawberry Fields Forever” (1967): Use of musique concrète • Thematically unified concept album: Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band

  7. British Invasion • The Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin, The Who, Cream • Harder edge • Lengthy instrumental improvisations • Guitar Riff: An improvisatory flourish that becomes a motive • Rhythmic ostinato • The Stone’s “I Can’t Get No Satisfaction” (1965) • Use of 12-bar blues • Cream’s “Crossroads” (1969) • Jimi Hendrix (1942-1970): The most original, influential rock guitarist • Wide range in harmonic variety • Expanded range of the amplified guitar, creating an assortment of noises, vocal effects, and electronic sounds

  8. Soul, Motown, and Funk • Stemmed from the political, social, and economical circumstances of black American during the 1950’s and 1960’s • Motown • Stax record label (Memphis) • Motown Records (Detroit) founded by Berry Gordy • Martha and the Vandellas, The Supremes, The Temptations, the Four Tops • Soul • Gospel-rooted style • Musical complexity found in the arrangements and musicianship • Spontaneity and improvisation in live performances • Ray Charles

  9. Funk • Invented by “Godfather of Soul” James Brown • Blend of soul, jazz, and R&B • Brought black Pentecostal preaching, shouting, and free conversational manner to pop music

  10. Punk and New Wave • Punk Rock • Highly politicized style, mid-1970’s • Fast, hard-edged music with short, simple songs • Musical escapism with a self-destructive and nihilistic approach • Basic verse-and-chorus form of earlier pop • Crude amplified sounds, fast driving rhythms, unassuming timbres, simple harmonies • The Ramones (1976), the Sex Pistols (1977) • The Clash combined punk aesthetic with Jamaican music (1979) • Helped renovate rock back to its working-class, garage band roots

  11. New Wave • Eclectic sound inspired by punk, rockabilly, ska, and reggae • Late 1970’s and early 1980’s • Elvis Costello and the Attractions, the Police, and the Talking Heads

  12. Metal • Introduction of the powerchord by the Kinks in “You Really Got Me” and “All the Day and All the Night” • Triad lacking the major or minor third • Sliding of chords along the neck of the instrument in parallel motion • Early 1970’s: Louder, chordal sound and high volume • Surrealistic themes, paranoid delusions, and dark, dreary subjects; adolescent angst • Deep Purple and Black Sabbath • Late 1980’s: Fresh sound of Metallica

  13. Thriller (1982) and Music Videos • The greatest-selling original album in the US and the largest seller worldwide • Michael Jackson • Began career singing at age 5 singing with his brothers in The Jackson 5 • Great performance charisma • Teamed with Quincy Jones to create Off the Wall (1979) • Pop, R&B, disco approach • Thriller (1982) rivals The Beatles albums in stylistic variety • Cross-over tour-de-force; Appeal to all ages • Three videos released were especially innovative, conforming to their lyrical storylines • First African-American to have videos air on MTV

  14. Rap • Originated as an African American style in the early 1970’s in New York’s South Bronx • DJ Kool Herc (Jamaican-born Clive Campbell) developed imitation of Jamaican practice of using “sound systems’’ to play music at parties • Isolated choice portions of the tracks (the “break” and created loops and extended portions using two term tables) • “Break dancing” • MC (Master of Ceremonies) and DJ • The Sugarhill Gang’s “Rapper’s Delight”: First recording with the work rap in the title • Run DMC: First rap artists to achieve major commercial success • Novel and authentic sound whose broad appeal crossed racial and social boundaries

  15. Grunge • Generation X: Born around 1975 • Dark, brooding, introspective songs first arose in and around Seattle • A type of alternative rock inspired by punk • Kurt Cobain and Nirvana: Nevermind (1991) • Wide mix of rock and pop styles • Absurdist lyrics • “Smells Like Teen Spirit”: “A teen revolutionary song”

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