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Chapter 2: PERFORMING MEDIA

Chapter 2: PERFORMING MEDIA. Voices/Singing Ten important points There is a much wider range of pitch and volume than is used in speaking Vowel sounds are held longer It demands a greater supply and control of breath Air is controlled by the lower abdominal muscles and diaphram.

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Chapter 2: PERFORMING MEDIA

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  1. Chapter 2: PERFORMING MEDIA • Voices/Singing • Ten important points • There is a much wider range of pitch and volume than is used in speaking • Vowel sounds are held longer • It demands a greater supply and control of breath • Air is controlled by the lower abdominal muscles and diaphram

  2. VOICES/SINGING • Vocal cords vibrate by using the lungs, throat, mouth and nose • Pitch varies with the tension of vocal cords • Range depends on training and physical makeup • Women: soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto • Men: tenor, baritone, bass • Until the late 17th century, most Western music was vocal, without instrumentation

  3. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS • 4-5 Main Categories • String • Woodwind • Brass • Percussion • Electronic

  4. Orchestra Instrumentation: • Usually contains strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion; sometimes piano or harpsichord

  5. Band Instrumentation: • Usually includes brass, woodwind, and percussion

  6. STRING INSTRUMENTS • Violin, viola, cello, double bass • All played with a bow

  7. Pizzicato – plucking the string • Double stop – two notes at once • Vibrato – vibrate the left had while it is on the string • Tremolo – rapidly bowing up and down creating a shimmering effect • The harp and the guitar are both string instruments that are always plucked or strummed

  8. WOODWIND INSTRUMENTS • Produce vibrations of air within a tube that is traditionally made of wood • Holes along their length are opened and closed by fingers or pads • Player changes the pitch by opening/closing holes, changing the length of the tube Pg. 15

  9. Flute family – flute, piccolo

  10. Clarinet • Oboe • Bassoon • Saxophone

  11. BRASS INSTRUMENTS • Vibrations come from the musician’s lips as he or she blows into a funnel-shaped mouthpiece • Vibrations are amplified and colored in a tube that is coiled with a flared end

  12. Trumpet, french horn, trombone, tuba, euphonium • Pitch is regulated 2 ways: • Varying lip tension • Using slides and/or valves to change the length of the tube

  13. PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS • Sound by being struck • Some with definite pitch: timpani, glockenspiel, xylophone, celesta, chimes

  14. Some with indefinite pitch: snare drum, bass drum, tambourine, triangle, cymbals, gong

  15. Keyboard instruments: • Piano – felt-covered hammer swings up against a string, most versatile instrument • Harpsichord – strings that are plucked by a set of plectra

  16. QUESTION • In which family does a pipe organ fit? • Keys control valves from which air is blown across or through openings in the pipes

  17. ELECTRONIC MUSIC • Tape studio • Synthesizers • Computers

  18. Listening for Instruments • Turn in books to page 34: • The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra • Benjamin Britten • Stars and Stripes Forever • John Philip Sousa

  19. Homework Worksheet on Chapters 1 & 2 due TOMORROW.

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