Medical Advancements of the 1950’s

1. Medical Advancements of the 1950’s By: Sean Pastorok, Morgan Ewart, & Amanda Conner

2. Significance of the 1950’s • Medical Advancements rose • First Plastic Heart Valve, First Kidney Transplant • New Vaccines were discovered • Polio Vaccine • New Scientists became famous • Paul M. Zoll, Charles A Hufnagel, Jonas Salk • New Inventions were developed • First Cardiac Pacemaker

3. Paul M. Zoll – First Cardiac Pacemaker1950 • Harvard Medical School • After WWII, he and Dwight Harken had to remove metal around the heart • Attended a meeting in Boston that inspired him to create the first pacemaker • As soon as this technique came out, many doctors loved the new idea of pacing your heart • Eventually, this technique became less popular • Only used in real emergencies

4. Dr. Charles A. Hufnagel – Plastic Heart Valve • The propose of the aortic valve is to prevent blood from going back into the heart • The artificial valve is a free-moving “pea” when the blood comes out it comes out of place and when the heart pulls back the “pea” goes right back into place • The first patient to receive this implant had rheumatic fever that had significantly damaged her aortic valve • When the implant was complete she went back and lived her normal life • Many others had this implant and were able to live their lives

5. Jonas Salk – Polio Vaccine • Founded the vaccine for Polio • He was the first member of his family to go to college • He was very much interested in the medical sciences • He was invited to help do some research on influenza • He succeeded in working for the vaccine for influenza • After that he got into the study of polio • In 1947 Salk devoted himself to the study of polio

6. Jonas Salk – Polio Vaccine • A decease that children get more commonly in the summer • The symptoms of the three simple patterns of polio • Subclinical Infection • Discomfort • Headache • Red throat • Slight fever • Nonparalytic Poliomyelitis • Stiffness in legs, neck, arms, abdomen, and muscles • Moderate fever • Vomiting • Paralytic Poliomyelitis • Fever 5-7 days before other symptoms start • Drooling • Headache • Difficult time breathing • Muscle pain and weakness • Difficulty swollowing

7. Kidney Transplant • The myth of organ transplants was broken in the middle of the 1900’s • There was many attempts but not one had been successful until 1954 • There was a set of twins one was dyeing of kidney disease • The other twin donated one of his kidneys • They were twins so the organ did not seem foreign to his body Herrick Twins - Richard and Ronald

8. Alexis Carrel & Charles Lindbergh – Artificial Heart • First implant was in a dog in 1957 • by Willem Kolff and T. Akutsu • Main purpose was to temporarily keep it alive • Lasted only 90 minutes • First artificial heart implanted in a human was in 1969 • by Denton Cooley

9. Heart Lung Machine • During a heart surgery the heart still had to pump blood • Doctors had to do it artificially • Heart Lung machine (heart lung Bypass) • Dr. Gibbon is given he credit of creating the Heart Lung Bypass • First successful use on May 6th, 1953 • He closed a hole between the upper heart chambers in an 18 year old girl • Because of its massive size its different parts caused bleeding and severe consumption of red blood cells • Because it was able to heal people of heart problems those side affects were easily dealt with • After time it got safer to use and easier to use

10. Heart Lung Machine Con’t • To start the machine the doctor has to impair the humans self clotting system • If they did not do that than the body would just clot instead of moving the blood artificially • Also the exposure to the plastic tubing would make it clot • After that the doctor has to drain the blood into the machine • The blood that is circulating through the body can’t be new to the body • One tube is from the body to the machine • One tube is from the machine to the body Draining of the heart