1 / 40

C H A P T E R

C H A P T E R. 16. Accounting for State and Local Governments (Part One). Governmental Accounting. Focuses on financial reporting for non-profit governmental agencies. Many concepts are similar to financial accounting, but terminology and procedures differ.

samuru
Download Presentation

C H A P T E R

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. C H A P T E R 16 Accounting for State and Local Governments (Part One)

  2. Governmental Accounting • Focuses on financial reporting for non-profit governmental agencies. • Many concepts are similar to financial accounting, but terminology and procedures differ. • Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) generates standards.

  3. Governmental AccountingUser Needs In Concepts Statement #1, GASB identified 3 basic groups of users of governmental accounting information: • Citizenry • Legislative and oversight bodies • Investors and creditors

  4. Accountability and Governmental Accounting Governmental Accounting Statements attempt to answer 3 questions related to accountability: Where did the financial resources come from? What amount of financial resources is presently held? Where did the financial resources go?

  5. GASB Statement No. 34 Requires the production of two sets of statements: Fund-Based Financial Statements Government-wide Financial Statements Shows restrictions on the use of resources and measures, in the short run, revenues and expenses from certain activities. Reports all revenues and all costs of providing services each year and all resources available to the governmental unit.

  6. Governmental units have many different types of activities. No common motivation links these activities. Therefore, each activity operates quasi-independent, self-balancing sets of accounts called funds. Reporting Diverse Governmental Activities - Fund Accounting Examples include: • Public Safety • Sanitation • Health & Welfare • Education • Parks & Recreation • Judicial System • Water and Sewer • Employee Pensions

  7. Fund Accounting Classification All funds fall into one of three broad classifications. Governmental Funds Proprietary Funds Fiduciary Funds Accounting for activities related to serving the public. Accounting for business-type activities. Accounting for financial resources held for others in a trustee capacity.

  8. Fund Accounting ClassificationGovernmental Funds

  9. Fund Accounting ClassificationProprietary Funds

  10. Fund Accounting ClassificationFiduciary Funds

  11. Understanding The Accounting Process

  12. Now, let’s look at an overview of the Fund-Based Statements.

  13. Fund-Based Financial Statements Two separate statements are required: Balance Sheet & Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balance Fund-Based statements include information on fiduciary funds.

  14. Fund-Based Financial Statements • The proprietary funds are reported in a separate statement. • The current financial resources measurement basis is used. • The modified accrual accounting approach is used. These statements will differ from the Government-Wide financial statements for three reasons. 3

  15. Balance Sheet - Example

  16. Continue Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances - Example

  17. Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances - Example

  18. Let’s look at an overview of the Government-Wide Statements.

  19. Government-Wide Financial Statements Two separate statements are required: Statement of Net Assets & Statement of Activities The economic resources measurement focus requires reporting of ALL assets and liabilities.

  20. Statement of Net Assets - Example Note that we keep the Governmental Activities separate from the Business-Type Activities.

  21. Statement of Net Assets - Example Also note that this statement does not give information about Fiduciary Funds This is consistent with the economic resources management focus which only includes assets and liabilities that are available to use for governmental purposes.

  22. Statement of Activities - Example The net for a given function is determined horizontally, while the totals for expenses and revenues are determined vertically.

  23. Statement of Activities - Example The general revenues are shown separately at the bottom of the statement.

  24. Let’s look at the accounting procedures for the Governmental Accounts for both the Fund-Based and Government-Wide Statements.

  25. Recording Budgetary Entries Purposes of the budget, per the GASB: • Expresses public policy. • Serves as an expression of financial intent. • Provides control by establishing spending limits. • Offers a means of evaluating performance. Budget information for the General Fund and for each of the major Special Funds must be presented.

  26. Recording Budgetary Entries For example, assume a town enacts a motel excise tax to promote tourism and conventions. For 2001, the tax is expected to generate $490,000 in Special Revenues. Of the total, $200,000 is designated for salaries, $30,000 for utilities, $80,000 for advertising, and $90,000 for supplies. Prepare the journal entry to record the Special Revenue Fund budget.

  27. Recording Budgetary Entries A city estimates all General Fund revenues for 2001 at $1,640,000. The budget calls for spending of $1,180,000. Transfers to other funds of $400,000 have also been approved. Prepare the journal entry to record the General Fund budget.

  28. Encumbrances • In a governmental unit, purchase commitments and contracts are recorded, even though they may not yet represent liabilities. • A recorded commitment or contract is called an “encumbrance”. Budget Encumbrance Actual

  29. Encumbrances • For Fund-Based Financial Statements: • An entry is required to record the encumbrance. • An entry is required when the bill is received. • For Government-Wide Financial Statements: • No entry is required to record the encumbrance. • An entry is required when the bill is received.

  30. EncumbrancesExample Drye Township has budgeted office supplies for $180,000 for 2002. On May 15, Drye Township places an order for $16,000 office supplies with Ye Olde Office Supplies. Remember, this entry is only recorded for Fund-Based Financial Statements. Record the order in Drye Township’s books.

  31. EncumbrancesExample On May 17, the supplies are received with a bill for $15,680 (some of the items went on sale on May 16, and the city was given the sale price). Record the receipt of the supplies in Drye Township’s books for the Fund-Based Statements. This is the account title typically used in governmental accounting in place of Accounts Payable.

  32. EncumbrancesExample On May 17, the supplies are received with a bill for $15,680 (some of the items went on sale on May 16, and the city was given the sale price). Record the receipt of the supplies in Drye Township’s books for the Government-Wide Statements. Note that with the Government-Wide Financial Statements, no entry is necessary for the encumbrances used with the Fund-Based Statements.

  33. Fund-Based StatementsFixed Assets While the expenditure for a fixed asset is usually recorded in the General Fund . . . . . . the fixed asset itself is recorded in the General Fixed Assets Account Group. Depreciation is not recorded in the governmental fund, since net income is not a concept relevant to governmental units.

  34. Government-Wide StatementsFixed Assets Historically, recording of fixed assets in the General Fixed Assets Account Group was optional. GASB Statement No. 34 requires a record of ALL capital assets in the Statement of Net Assets in the government-wide statements. • Depreciation expense is recorded. • Governments have 4 years to capitalize previously acquired assets.

  35. Classifications Derived Tax Revenues Imposed Nonexchange Revenues Government-mandated Nonexchange Transactions Voluntary Nonexchange Transactions Recognition of RevenuesNonexchange Transactions For Government-Wide Statements, record the revenues at the “time of eligibility”. For Fund-Based Statements, record the revenues when they become “available for recognition”.

  36. Government-Wide Financial Statements Increase the Cash and the Debt. Fund-Based Financial Statements Increase Cash and Other Financing Sources. Issuance of Bonds Drye Township issues $50,000 in bonds for new sidewalks. Prepare the journal entry to record the bonds for government-wide statements.

  37. Government-Wide Financial Statements Increase the Cash and the Debt. Fund-Based Financial Statements Increase Cash and Other Financing Sources. Issuance of Bonds Drye Township issues $50,000 in bonds for new sidewalks. Prepare the journal entry to record the bonds for fund-based statements.

  38. Government-Wide Financial Statements Record principle and interest as with GAAP. Fund-Based Financial Statements Record expenditures in the Debt Service Fund. Payment of Long-Term Liabilities Drye Township makes a $10,000 payment on a loan that includes $1,000 in interest. Prepare the journal entry to record the loan payment for government-wide statements.

  39. Government-Wide Financial Statements Record principle and interest as with GAAP. Fund-Based Financial Statements Record expenditures in the Debt Service Fund. Payment of Long-Term Liabilities Drye Township makes a $10,000 payment on a loan that includes $1,000 in interest. Prepare the journal entry to record the loan payment for fund-based statements.

  40. End of Chapter 16 Ms. Chairperson, what fund should we charge your Paris trip to? Since I voted for a balanced budget, let’s charge it to the Debt Service Fund.

More Related