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What does the future hold for improving reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle?

What does the future hold for improving reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle?. Matt Lucy Animal Reproductive Biology Group Division of Animal Sciences University of Missouri-Columbia, USA. Highlights from the past. Methods and application of artificial insemination.

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What does the future hold for improving reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle?

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  1. What does the future hold for improving reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle? Matt Lucy Animal Reproductive Biology Group Division of Animal Sciences University of Missouri-Columbia, USA

  2. Highlights from the past • Methods and application of artificial insemination. • Products and programs for synchronization of estrus and timed AI. • Ultrasound and PAGs (blood test) for pregnancy diagnosis. • Genetic testing and genetic selection for fertility. • Methods and application of advanced embryo technologies.

  3. 2012

  4. Ever-Green-View My 1326-ET Waldo, Wisconsin USA February 2010 32,805 kg of milk* 1,267 kg fat 974 kg protein 365 d lactation *3-times average US cow in 2010

  5. Innovations of the past decade • Highly Effective Synch Programs for Cows • Presynch Ovsynch • G6G • 5 day Cosynch 72 • Double Ovsynch • Highly effective Resynch Programs for cows

  6. Innovations of the past decade:CIDR approval for lactating dairy cows July 29, 2003

  7. Innovations of the past decade: Improved systems for automated estrus detection

  8. Innovations of the past decade: Gender selected semen

  9. Innovations of the past decade: Better and more portable ultrasounds

  10. Innovations of the past decade: Blood pregnancy tests

  11. Innovations of the past decade: Automated Milk Progesterone Testing Förster Technik: FT Multilyser DeLaval: Herd Navigator

  12. Innovations of the past decade:Introduction of Daughter Pregnancy Rate

  13. Innovations of the past decade:Introduction of Daughter Pregnancy Rate

  14. Innovations of the past decade:Sequencing of the bovine genome

  15. Innovations of the past decade: Bovine SNP chips and the identification of fertility markers Fertility markers on chromosome 18Price et al. (2010)

  16. Innovations of the past decade: DNA marker based genetics

  17. The Microbiome • 9 out of 10 cells in the body are microbial • The gut contains at least 1000 species • Most are commensal (not pathogenic) • Differences between cows and herds may be explained by differences in their microbiomes. Science December 17, 2010

  18. What about the future? • Climate change and air pollution • Water depletion and pollution • Biodiversity Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

  19. What about the future?Artificial insemination • More units per sire • Sperm production • Sperm dilution • On-farm storage • Lifespan inside the female tract • Gender selected sperm

  20. What about the future?Return to estrus AI P P P AI G G P G G Presynch-Ovsynch-Resynch PD

  21. Time to confront the monster!

  22. What about the future?Return to estrus

  23. Figure 1 from Senger (1994) J. Dairy Sci. 77:2745-2753 Electronic methods for estrus detection(Senger 1994) • Continuous surveillance • Automatic ID • Lifetime operation • Minimal labor • Accurate in identifying cows in estrus

  24. Is there another way? Detection of approaching ovulation in the absence of estrous behavior (biochemical test) Detection of estrous behavior

  25. What about the future?Time for some new tools! 55 T-bird Progesterone (Trimberger and Hansel, 1955)

  26. What about the future?Time for some new tools! PGF2α (Lauderdale, 1972)

  27. What about the future?Time for some new tools! 86 Mustang GnRH (Cystorelin approved, 1986)

  28. What about the future?Recombinantgonadotropins (LH and FSH) hCG pFSH

  29. Human Genome Project 10th anniversary – 2011 • 3 billion base pairs • 10 years draft sequence • 13 years completed sequence • $2.7 billion

  30. Commercial Whole Genomic DNA Sequencing Complete Genomics, Mountain View, CA, USA

  31. Bovine Genome Project

  32. What about the future?DNA marker based genetics

  33. Redefining high fertility

  34. Now is the time to define “high fertility”! Pregnant after an observed in estrus and AI Pregnant after a timed AI

  35. Now is the time to define “high fertility”! • Cycling before breeding period • Uterus released PGF2α • Follicle grew; produced adequate estradiol • Behavioral centers responded to estradiol and cow expressed detectable estrus. • Pituitary released an LH surge. • Artificial insemination • Follicle ovulated, CL formed. • Pregnancy! Pregnant after an observed in estrus and AI

  36. Now is the time to define “high fertility”! • Cycling before breeding period • Uterus released PGF2α • Follicle grew; produced adequate estradiol • Behavioral centers responded to estradiol and cow expressed detectable estrus. • Pituitary released an LH surge. • Artificial insemination • Follicle ovulated, CL formed. • Pregnancy! Pregnant after a timed AI

  37. Which cow scores better for DPR? Pregnant after an observed in estrus and AI Pregnant after a timed AI

  38. Which cow is the best cow for the future? Pregnant after an observed in estrus and AI Pregnant after a timed AI

  39. Which cow is the best cow for the future? Pregnant after an observed in estrus and AI Pregnant after a timed AI

  40. Thank you!

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