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INTRODUCTION TO FILM HISTORY

INTRODUCTION TO FILM HISTORY. The horse in motion 1878. Prof. Myrna Monllor Jiménez English 124. Who invented the concept of the movies? How did some of the first film projectors look? Who were some of the pioneers? What were some of the important films?

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INTRODUCTION TO FILM HISTORY

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO FILM HISTORY The horse in motion 1878 Prof. Myrna Monllor Jiménez English 124

  2. Who invented the concept of the movies? • How did some of the first film projectors look? • Who were some of the pioneers? • What were some of the important films? • How did the film industry get to Hollywood,California? • What were the patents wars? • When did “talkies” begin? • When did color films begin? • Why were the movie studios powerful? • What was the Production Code? • How did the movie studios lose their power?

  3. FIRST ATTEMPTS AT CREATING IMAGES THE CAMERA OBSCURA THE PEEP BOX THE MAGIC LANTERN DAGUERROTYPE CAMERA

  4. FANTASCOPE MAGIC LANTERN ON WHEELS 1798 PHENAKISTISCOPE ZOETROPE

  5. MUTOSCOPE 1890 MAX SKLADANOWSKY’S BIOSCOPE 1895

  6. Edward R. Muybridge • Invented the zoopraxiscope, a device • that projected pictures in motion • Inspired Edison to create his motion picture • devices • Proposed a collaboration with Edison • that would combine the phonograph with the • zoopraxiscope

  7. Edward Muybridge Zoopraxiscope 1881

  8. Etienne Jules-Marey’s Photographic Rifle Rifle disk Rifle Camera Chronophotography

  9. Louis Aime Agustine Le PrinceOctober 14, 1888 The Round Hay Garden Scene

  10. LOUIS AND AUGUSTE LUMIERE“the cinema is an invention without a future” Visual Alchemy: Lumière Brothers http://www.alchemists.com/visual_alchemy/lumiere.htm l Lumiére Brothers’ First Films http://www.imagesjournal.com/issue04/reviews/lumiere.htm • Showed the first films to an audience in France on December 28, 1895 • Invented the cinematographe in1895: a portable motion-picture camera, film processing unit and projector • Produced newsreels and documentaries through their film company Pathé Freres.

  11. Lumiére Films

  12. THOMAS ALVA EDISONWilliam Laurie Dickson Edison and his kinetograph A nickelodeon with kinetoscopes http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/edhtml/ Inventing Entertainment: The Motion Pictures and Sound Recordings of the Edison Companies http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/edison/ The American Experience: Edison’s Miracle of Light

  13. Black Maria, the first film studio 1893 The kinetoscope

  14. THE EARLY FILMS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQk5RftSdF8

  15. Experimentation with sound and film http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBMEt1SJbhQ

  16. In some countries , movie theaters were tents. The ones shown in the pictures are from Mexico.

  17. GEORGES MELIES1861-1983 A Trip to the Moon http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UiDWmXHR3RQ George Meliés http://www.earlycinema.com/pioneers/melies_bio.htm l • French magician who saw films as a means for entertainment • Father of science fiction films and of special effects • Introduced • narrative storylines • plot • character development • illusion • trick photography A Trip to the Moon, 1902

  18. EDWIN S. PORTER The Great Train Robbery, 1903 • first smash hit • first action film • first western • first American film to • use editing. http://www.wildwestweb.net/flicks.html http://www.wildwestweb.net/great.html The Great Train Robbery

  19. Alice Guy Blaché1873-1968 • First female director • Made films in France and the USA • Worked with the Lumiére family • Made one of the first color films The Spring Fairy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e8_fb3AtmVo

  20. Animation and Charles Emile Reynaud (1844-1918) • First projected animation cartoons (1892) • Created the Praxinoscope • Theatre Optique

  21. James Stuart Blackton • Father of American animation • Used stop animation and drawn animation • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYDmH2B9XJw

  22. Other Animation Samples http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsXV0Lr2xqg&feature=related • Gertie the Dinosaur 1914 by Winston Mcay http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aEAObel8yIE&feature=related

  23. Quirino Cristiani • Argentinian • First feature length animation • El apóstol 1917 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pxMMrJXbACI&feature=related

  24. Walt Disney1901-1966 Newman’s Laughograms • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qaknqmbT99c Steamboat Willie • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RexXDDA8RoI

  25. THE PATENTS WAR AND THE BIRTH OF HOLLYWOOD • The Motion Picture Patents Company pooled their patents • together to protect their profits and monopolize the industry • Independent film makers had to pay for the use of equipment and • perforated celluloid tape • The Patents Company would send thugs to break down production

  26. DAVID WARK (D. W.) GRIFFITH1875-1944 • Father of American film • Established the language • of film as we know it today • Close ups • Camera movement • Cross cutting • Fades • Dissolves • Changing angles • Experimental lighting and • shading • The Birth of a Nation (1915) http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/griffith_d.html American Masters: D.W. Griffith http://www.gildasattic.com/dwgriffith.html D.W.Griffith

  27. THE STAR SYSTEM Charlie Chaplin http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xoKbDNY0Zwg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FAqI-M-vU3Y

  28. The Jazz Singer 1927 Al Jolson in black face http://www.youtube.com/watch v=PIaj7FNHnjQ&feature=related

  29. The Production Code • Written in 1930 by Will Hays

  30. THE PRODUCTION CODE1930-1968 In 1934 the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America created a set of standards to regulate what could be shown on the screen. This code was replaced by our actual rating system In 1968. Below are the general principles of the code. Click on the addresses to read more about this topic. http://www.artsreformation.com/a001/hays-code.html http://www.howstuffworks.com/question467.htm 1. No picture shall be produced that will lower the moral standards of those who see it. Hence the sympathy of the audience should never be thrown to the side of crime, wrongdoing, evil or sin. 2. Correct standards of life, subject only to the requirements of drama and entertainment, shall be presented. 3. Law, natural or human, shall not be ridiculed, nor shall sympathy be created for its violation.

  31. Movie Ratings The ratings are based on the amount of language, violence, nudity, sex and drug use as well as overall movie theme. • [G] General Audience. All ages admitted. • [PG] Parental Guidance Suggested. Some material may not be suitable for children. • [PG-13] Parents Strongly Cautioned. Some material may be inappropriate for children under 13. • [R] Restricted. Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian (age varies in some locations). • [NC-17] No One 17 and Under Admitted. • [Not Rated] Film has not been submitted for rating.

  32. The Great Movie Studios (MGM) “More stars than there are in Heaven” Warner Brothers (Jack Warner) (Nicholas Schenck/Louis B. Mayer) http://employees.oxy.edu/jerry/wb.htm *Irving Thalberg *David O. Selznick http://seeing-stars.com/Studios/MGM.shtml Universal (Carl Laemmle) http://seeing-stars.com/Studios/UniversalStudios.shtml

  33. Paramount (Adolph Zukor) • http://seeing-stars.com/Studios/ParamountStudios.shtml • 20th Century Fox (William Fox) • http://seeing-stars.com/Studios/FoxStudios.shtml • Columbia (Harry Cohn) • http://reelclassics.com/Studios/Columbia/columbia.htm • A History of the Motion Picture Studios of California • http://employees.oxy.edu/jerry/homestud.htm

  34. The Hollywood Moguls Samuel Goldwyn Louis B. Mayer Irving Thalberg David O. Selznick Daryll Zanuck The Warner Brothers

  35. The End of the Studio System • Televisions were first mass-produced In 1947. • The film industry saw television as a threat to the film industry. • Attendance to movie theaters decreased. • In 1948 the Supreme Court found the studios guilty of monopolistic practices and forced them to separate from their theater chains. • This last measure provided more space for independent filmmakers.

  36. 3D Craze

  37. Great Movie Stars from the Past Judy Garland Elizabeth Taylor Cary Grant Marilyn Monroe Marlon Brando Greta Garbo James Dean Katherine Hepburn James Cagney Jimmy Stewart Humphrey Bogart Clark Gable Bette Davis

  38. Influential Movie Directors Stanley Kubrick Luis Buñuel Orson Welles Ingmar Bergman Billy Wilder John Ford Alfred Hitchcock Federico Fellini http://www.filmsite.org/directors.html

  39. More Great Directors Chris Nolan Alejandro Gonzales Iñarritu Martin Scorcese Frances Ford Coppola Tarantino Oliver Stone Penny Marshall Woody Allen George Lucas Tim Burton Jane Campion Pedro Almodóvar Steven Spielberg Ron Howard Aménabar Spike Lee

  40. The Academy Awards • Awarded by the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences founded in 1927 • First celebrated in 1929 • First televised in 1952 • http://www.filmsite.org/oscars.html

  41. Cannes Film Festival • Established in 1946 • Most Influential and prestigious award • Louis Lumiere was the first president of the festival • Palme d’Or http://www.festival-cannes.com/en.html

  42. Prestigious Film Awards • Directors Guild of America http://www.dga.org • Globe Awards http://www.thegoldenglobes.com • Screen Actors Guild http://www.sagawards.org

  43. Bibliography

  44. BIBLIOGRAPHY ANATOMY OF FILM. THIRD EDITION. BERNARD F. DICK. ST. MARTIN’S PRESS,1996 LAS CLAVES DE LA HISTORIA DEL CINE. MIGUEL PORTER AND PALMIRA GONZALEZ. ARAN, 1988 FILM: AN ILLUSTRATED HISTORICAL OVERVIEW. ANDREA GRONEMEYER. BARRON’S CRASH COURSE SERIES, 1998. GREATEST FILMS BEFORE 1920 http://www.filmsite.org/pre20sintro.html TEACH YOURSELF FILM STUDIES. WARREN BUCKLAND. HODDER & STOUGHTON,1998.

  45. You Tube Films • Arrival of a Train • La sortie des usines Lumiére • The Kiss • Experimental Sound Film • The Great Train Robbery • A Trip to the Moon • Al Jolson-Toot Toot Tootsie 1927

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