6332 Day-Lighting Buildings

1. 6332 Day-Lighting Buildings Daylight Factor x Design Sky Daylight Autonomy Rules of Thumb Occupant Behavior Occupant Behavior Energy Considerations Energy Considerations Energy Christoph Reinhart GSD 6332 – Occupant Behavior

2. Course Outline Week 1: Course Introduction Shading Studies Week 2: Climate Files Daylighting Rules of Thumb Week 3: Simulation I (Ecotect) Simulation II (Radiance) Week 4: Simulation III (more Radiance) Visit MIT – LAM & Partners Week 5: Simulation IV (Daysim) Occupant Behavior Week 6: El. Lighting & Fixture Design Scale Models Week 7: Midterm Project Critique Lighting Simulation IV Week 8: Instructor away (no class) Field Trip - Visit Kalwall Week 9: Lighting Controls Toplighting (VELUX) Week 10: Case Studies (ARUP) Commissioning (LBNL) Week 11: Complex Fenestration Systems Thanksgiving (no class) Week 12: Aesthetics of light (Sampson) Art in Simulation Week 13: Project Progress Review Light and Health TBD: Final Project Critique

3. Misc • Oct 27 - Midterm Project Critique

4. Objective of today’s lecture • You will learn about … • occupant use of personal controls

5. Review - Dynamic Daylight Simulations • As opposed to a static simulation that only considers one sky condition at a time, dynamic daylight simulations generate annual time series of interior illuminances and/or luminances.

6. Demo: Ecotect Export to Daysim- run static simulation- simulation parameters- *ill files

7. Daylight Factor x Design Sky versus Daylight Autonomy Daylight Autonomy Daylight Factor x Design Sky

8. Museum Lighting • Annual Light Exposure: established upper threshold for artwork – already established used used for museums (CIE TC3-22 ‘Museum lighting and protection against radiation damage’)

9. Museum Lighting Requirements category material classification example of materials lighting illuminance limiting annual exposure I insensitive metal, stone, glass, ceramic no limit no limit II low sensitivity canvases, frescos, wood, leather 200 lux 600 000 lux h /yr III medium sensitivity watercolor, pastel, various paper 50 lux 150 000 lux h/yr IV high sensitivity silk, newspaper, sensitive pigments 50 lux 15 000 lux h/yr CIE TC3-22 ‘Museum lighting and protection against radiation damage’

10. Example: Seattle Art Museum - Arup Lighting using Daysim 3D model of site and building ARUP Lighting source: http://irc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ie/light/RadianceWorkshop2005/PDF/Franks_ArupCaseStudies.pdf

11. Example: Seattle Art Museum - Arup Lighting using Daysim Sidelit Gallery ARUP Lighting

12. Example: Seattle Art Museum - Arup Lighting using Daysim ARUP Lighting Museum Open Hours - 1,500,000+ lux-hours

13. Example: Seattle Art Museum - Arup Lighting using Daysim Automatic Shading + Switching - 555,000 lh ARUP Lighting

14. Wrigley Global Innovation Center Chicago, Illinois – AEC • Winter Garden Atrium break area • Views from adjacent offices simulation: AEC simulation: AEC

15. Wrigley Global Innovation Center Chicago, Illinois - AEC • Illuminance hours requirements for ficus trees simulation: AEC simulation: AEC

16. Occupant Behavior

17. Monitoring User Behavior Reinhart, Voss 2003 architecture: Meier-Weinbrenner-Single, Nürtingen • ventilation heat recovery • ground heat exchanger • night ventilation • passive house standard • advanced glazing • SHW, PV

18. Monitoring Setup in the Offices Illuminance Temperature occupancy HOBO data logger

19. Monitoring Blind Usage video surveillance camera receiver 2414.5 MHz data acquisition Blind setting EIB system

20. Switch-On Probability (I) type 1 type 2 Jim Love, University of Calgary

21. Switch-On Probability (II)

22. People are Consistent but Different

23. Switch-Off Probability behavioral patterns change in the presence of automated controls Pigg et al. University of Wisconsin

24. Manual blind control model window with blinds ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) work plane sensors • Daysim: active (energy conscious) or passive user • Associate work plan sensor with window • Note: this step requires to couple individual sensors together. • Benefit: Direct comparison between daylighting concepts with and • without movable and/or fixed shading devices

25. Model Overview Reinhart, 2002 Lightswitch 2002 annual occupancy annual illuminance profiles profiles Lightswitch Algorithm (stochastic) el. lighting/blinds profile

26. Manual Lighting Control Algorithm stochastic process: switch on probability

27. field study approach

28. Example I – single office three lighting zones office building • Located in Ottawa Canada • Taken from Daysim tutorial

29. Example I – single office Daylight factor simulation  same results for North and South offices  no daylight on the central aisle

30. Example I – single office Daylight Autonomy simulation  ample amount of daylight in both offices  up to 30% DA on aisle => on/off switch with timer

31. Lighting Controls Photocell. • Photocell-controlled Dimming with • Occupancy Sensor Occupancy sensor.

32. Demo: Daysim- active and passive behavior

33. Example I – single office Electric Lighting Use in South facing Office  absolute comparison of different control strategies  reference case is manual on/off switch with venetian blinds

34. Reading: • By Oct 23rd: • Work through the rest of the Getting Started document • Read through Daylighting Metrics Paper • Read Daysim tutorial pages 18 -32 • Voluntarily: Read Rendering with Radiance Chapters 10 - 13

35. Questions…