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The Covalent Bond and Naming

The Covalent Bond and Naming. Chapter 20. What is a Covalent Bond?. Covalent bond - bond that results from the sharing of electrons. - occurs between nonmetallic elements. Molecule - compound formed when two or more elements bond covalently. Formation of a Covalent Bond. H. H. H. H.

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The Covalent Bond and Naming

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  1. The Covalent Bond and Naming Chapter 20

  2. What is a Covalent Bond? Covalent bond - bond that results from the sharing of electrons - occurs between nonmetallic elements Molecule - compound formed when two or more elements bond covalently.

  3. Formation of a Covalent Bond H H H H Single covalent bond - two electrons shared H H - shown as a dash

  4. Draw the electron dot structure for water, H2O O H O H H H

  5. Double bond - sharing of two pairs of electrons between two atoms http://dkreutz.basd.k12.wi.us/A17-LewisDot-Octet.html Triple bond - sharing of three pairs of electrons between two atoms

  6. Naming Binary Covalent Molecules

  7. Naming Binary Molecular Compounds Second element named with prefixes and -ide ending First element named with prefixes (except mono) Prefixes tell number of atoms of each element

  8. Prefixes Used mono - 1 octa - 8 di - 2 nona - 9 tri - 3 deca - 10 tetra - 4 penta - 5 hexa - 6 hepta - 7

  9. Name the compound P2O5 diphosphorus pentoxide • Your Turn!! • CCl4 • PBr3 • N2S3 carbon tetrachloride phosphorus tribromide dinitrogen trisulfide

  10. Writing Formulas from Names Binary Molecular Compounds - use prefixes to give subscripts for each element What is the formula for dichlorine monoxide? Cl2O

  11. Practice  • Dihydrogen monoxide • Sulfer hexaflouride • Biboron tetrahydide • Carbon dioxide H2O SF6 B2H4 CO2

  12. Ionic compounds vs. Covalent Molecules The differences and similarities

  13. Ionic Compounds vs. Covalent Compounds • Ionic Compounds • Made up of positive metallic ions and negative nonmetallic ions after metal transferred electrons to nonmetal • Arranged in regular repeating patterns called crystals

  14. Form crystals where every (+) ion is surrounded by (-) ions and every (-) ion is surrounded by (+) ions • Known as crystalline compound

  15. Have high melting and boiling points • Conduct electricity when dissolved in water---electrolyte

  16. Covalent Compounds • Made up of nonmetals sharing electrons • Liquids, gases, or solids • Have low melting and boiling points • Do not conduct electricity

  17. Naming Ionic Compounds(nomenclature)

  18. Binary Ionic Compounds: Type I • Binary (Metal + Non-metal) Ionic Compound • Metal has a fixed charge • Example: • Ag+ • Zn2+ • Cd2+ • Al3+ • All alkali and alkaline earth metals

  19. Steps to naming Binary Ionic compounds (Type I) Example: CaS • Write the name of the first element • Write the name of the second element with an –ide ending calcium sulfide calcium sulfide

  20. Practice  aluminum chloride calcium oxide lithium nitride magnesium iodide silver sulfide • AlCl3 • CaO • Li3N • MgI2 • Ag2S

  21. Type I: Name to Formula Rb +1 P -3 Rb3P Write the ion of the metal and the non-metal Criss-cross the charges Example: rubidium phosphide

  22. Naming Type IV Compounds Not a binary compound; therefore, it contains a polyatomic ion Polyatomic ions are groups of elements covalently bound (share electrons) that have a charge.

  23. Polyatomic Ions Ammonium - NH4+1 nitrate - NO3-1 hydroxide - OH-1 phosphate - PO4-3 chlorate - ClO3-1 acetate - C2H3O2-1 carbonate - CO3-2 sulfate - SO4-2

  24. Lets Try It!! Writing Names from Formulas 1.) NH4NO3 ammonium nitrate 2.) (NH4)3PO4 ammonium phosphate 3.) Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxide

  25. Example • NH4NO3 • K2SO4 ammonium nitrate potassium sulfate

  26. Type IV Practice sodium nitrate calcium sulfate ammonium oxide magnesium phosphate lithium acetate ammonium nitride • NaNO3 • CaSO4 • (NH4)2O • Mg3(PO4)2 • LiC2H3O2 • (NH4)3N

  27. Name to formula: Type IV • Write the ions of each • Criss-cross the charges Ex: potassium sulfate? ammonium nitride? K+1 SO4-2 NH4+1 N-3 K2SO4 (NH4)3N

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