Methods used to control the spread of infection

1. Methods used to control the spread of infection Precautions AKA: “Universal” precautions Used to break the chain of infection 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

2. Standard Precautions • Includes: • Hand washing • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Gloves • Gowns • Masks and eye protection • Needle stick safety • Sharps • Spills and splashes • Resuscitation devices • Waste and linen disposal • Injuries • Used on ALL patients 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

3. PPE • Use when there is risk of contact with any blood or body fluid • Secretion • Excretion • Mucous membrane • Non-intact skin • Tissue specimen 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

4. Standard Precautions • Hand washing 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

5. Standard Precautions • Personal protection equipment (PPE) 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

6. Methods used to control the spread of infectionStandard Precautions • Gloves 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

7. Standard Precautions • Gowns 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

8. Standard Precautions • Masks and eye protection 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

9. Standard Precautions • Needlestick safety 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

10. Standard Precautions • Sharps 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

11. Standard Precautions • Spills and splashes 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

12. Standard Precautions • Resuscitation devices 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

13. Standard Precautions • Waste and linen disposal 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

14. Standard Precautions • Injuries 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

15. Bloodborne Pathogen Standard • Blood = human blood, blood components, blood products • Bloodborne pathogens = disease causing organisms in blood • Examples: • (Hep. B, Hep. C, HIV) 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

16. Bloodborne Pathogen Standard In an emergency, you may not be able to identify body fluids or tell whether they contain blood, treat all body fluids as potentially infectious. 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

17. Bloodborne Pathogen Standard • Applies to all occupational exposure of blood or other potentially infectious material. • Always remember safety when using equipment/supplies 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

18. Be Aware • Never re-cap needles • Use sharp containers • Use resuscitation devices • Reduce exposure to BBP by using PPE 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

19. Methods used to control the spread of infectionTuberculosis Standard • OSHA Standard to reduce occupationally transmitted/acquired TB • Requires FIT tested and training in the use of specific respiratory PPE • PPD skin test annually 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

20. Methods used to control the spread of infectionExtended Infection Control Precautions Standard PrecautionsPLUS • Airborne Precautions • Contact Precautions • Droplet Precautions 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

21. Extended Infection Control Precautions • Transmission based precautions • Additional precautions used with patients infected with pathogens that are spread via: • airborne transmission • droplet transmission • direct contact • Requires isolation 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

22. Airborne precautions • Pt’s door must be close • pathogens are transmitted by airborne droplets – suspend in air or on dust particles • prevents the spread of illnesses such as measles (rubella) , chicken pox (varicella), TB (tuberculosis), and shingles (Herpes Zoster) • Specific PPEs- • HEPA respirators are required for HCP • HCP must be fit tested for a Hiigh Efficiency Particulate Respirator (HEPA) 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

23. Contact precautions • Anything that comes in contact with pt is contaminated • Indirect/direct • Pt must be in private room • Needed for diseases that can be easily transmitted • Diapered or incontinent pts with intestinal infections 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

24. Contact precautions • Helps prevent spread of GI, respiratory, skin, or wound infections • Specific PPEs • gloves • gowns 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

25. Droplet precautions • Most infection occurs within 3ft of pt • Droplets are heavy and usually fall to floor within 3 ft range • Droplets come from • Coughing, sneezing, talking and laughing 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

26. Droplet precautions • Helps prevent the spread of bacterial and viral flu, meningitis, pneumonia, sinsusitis, otitis media, diptheria, pertussis, adenoviruses, mumps • Specific PPEs- • Mask/face shield if working within 3 ft of patient 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

27. Protective or reverse precautions • Used to protect pt • Example: • Compromised immune system • Cancer • AIDS 2.02 Understand infection control procedures

28. All Precautions • Limit use of non-critical care equipment to single pt • Wash hands before and after care • Bag linen to prevent contamination to self, environment, or outside of bag • Double bag and discard infectious trash • Limit transport of pt • Follow PPE for pt illness 2.02 Understand infection control procedures