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Infection Control

Infection Control. Institutional Individual Community. Topics. Infection control basics What is it Transmission Risks Institutional Infection Control (IC) Community IC Individual IC. Transmission. To Catch website: : www.tocatch.info/en/Tuberculosis.htm. Transmission.

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Infection Control

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  1. Infection Control Institutional Individual Community

  2. Topics • Infection control basics • What is it • Transmission Risks • Institutional Infection Control (IC) • Community IC • Individual IC

  3. Transmission To Catch website: : www.tocatch.info/en/Tuberculosis.htm

  4. Transmission Just by breathing… NLM website: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19099.jpg

  5. Transmission

  6. What is infection control?

  7. Infection Control is: • Measures to prevent transmission of infectious germ from a source to others • It’s a primary prevention method to keep those who are uninfected free from infection

  8. Good IC Practices should • Be done in the context of providing access to care. IC without access to care will lead to stigma • Always respect human rights and dignity of patients • Be seen as a shared responsibility, not primarily something that needs to be imposed upon patients/community

  9. Infection Control Measures • Looking at three levels • Institutional • Community • Individual • All methods that follow can be done where we live and work • Low-resource settings • Areas of HIV prevalence

  10. Institutional IC • Health care settings should have a plan • How to do: • Have a plan that entails • Patient flow • Health care worker and patient education • Mechanical tools to reduce infection • Make coordination and responsibilities clear • Crisis management for when plans don’t flow

  11. Institutional IC • Earlier case detection and treatment • How to do: • Don’t rely on poor diagnostics • We can use symptom screen algorithms • Proper training for staff (looking for smear (-) TB, making TB priority for PLH) • Must include strengthening of TB program to reduce defaulting

  12. Institutional IC • Administrative cohorting or isolation with rapid evaluation for TB and MDR TB • How to do: • Develop a patient flow strategy for limited space • Requires HCW to be on alert for TB patients not responding to 1st line treatment • Requires 2nd-line drugs • Requires adequate space for TB suspects to be evaluated

  13. TB Triage – PIH (Haiti) Community based TB treatment Hospitalized patients General ward Sm -, HIV +/- 6 isolation rms SM+ and HIV+ TB Pavilion Sm+, HIV-

  14. TB Pavilion • Fenestrated walls • Louvered windows • UV lamp • High ceilings • Overcrowded • TB Pavilion • Fenestrated walls • Louvered windows • UV lamp • High ceilings • Overcrowded

  15. Institutional IC • Regularly screen health care workers • Have IC tools available • How to do: • Provide regular screening for TB for ALL health care workers (including lay counselors) • Provide staff support for TB services • Equip staff with fans, masks, and uv whenever possible

  16. Institutional IC • Germicidal uv radiation http://pic3.ohpy.com/up/elbbs/2007/11/26/93009/851902899/mid_44503kowalski12_00000020268.jpg

  17. Community IC • Patient/community education • How to do education for TB: • Training for health care workers to use IC tools (masks, fans, windows, etc) • Skin testing for TB and prevention • Signs and symptoms • Treatment literacy

  18. Community IC

  19. Community IC • Anti-stigma Education • How to do: • The NO FEAR tactic • Quarantine and scary stories can inhibit patients desire to seek care • This can increase TB in the community! • Main Message—TB can be cured!

  20. Community IC continued.. • Look for infection control in your clinics • Are the windows open? Can the waiting room be outside? • Ask for infection control measures to be implemented

  21. Individual IC • Personal respiratory protection • Know the signs and symptoms of TB • Look for TB in our communities • Educate, educate, educate

  22. WHO Recommended 10 Steps for Infection Control • Include Patients & Community in Advocacy for IC • Develop an IC Plan • Ensure Safe Sputum Collection • Promote Cough Etiquette & Hygiene • People with symptoms suspected to be TB should be triaged to be fast tracked/ separated

  23. 10 Steps for IC (Contd) • Assure Rapid Diagnosis & Treatment • Improve Room Air Ventilation • Protect Health Care Workers • Build Capacity of Health Institutions for IC • Monitoring IC practices

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