Engineering for the new World: Information and Communication Technologies and Social Transformation

1. Engineering for the new World:Information and Communication Technologies and Social Transformation Professor Athula Ginige School of Computing and Mathematics University of Western Sydney Australia Talk Given to IESL – NSW Chapter – October 2009

2. What is Engineering Ref: PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY: THE ROLE OF ENGINEERING IN SOCIETY, S.P. Nichols and W.F. Weldon, Center for Electromechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, USA

3. Evolution of Engineering Disciplines Civil Engineering Leads back to 3000 BC Mechanical Engineering Leads back to 100 BC Electrical Engineering Leads back to 1900 Telecommunication Engineering Leads back to 1840 Software Engineering Early stages - 1955, As an Engineering Practise 1970’s Web Engineering In the Process of Making the history

4. Branches of Engineering

5. Commerce eCommerce Business eBusiness Learning eLearning Government eGovernment eTransformation Since 2000 ICT is changing many things

6. Micro Changes  Macro Changes Steam Water Heat / Temperature

7. 1750 Social Transformation 1850 1970 2000 ? Agricultural Society Industrial Society

8. Industrial Revolution- Augmenting Muscle Power • Invention of the Steam engine • Discovery of Electricity and invention of the electric motor • Internal Combustion Engine • Assembly Lines • Automation

9. Alfred Sloan Management Structures Apply division of Labour to Management Henry Ford Assembly Lines Brought work to worker -1890 Task Adam Smith Concept of Division of Labour Ref. Wealth of Nations - 1766 Large Scale Strategic Planning Monitoring divisional performance and Intervening to adjust plans and activities Moving Forward Evolution of Organisational and Management Structures

10. DNA of Industrial Society Essential characteristics of the industrial society. • Standardisation --> Mass production • Specialisation --> Compartmentalised structures • Synchronisation --> 9 to 5 • Concentration • Maximisation • Centralisation Industrial Society

11. Advances in ICT

12. Increasing the Productivity in Manufacturing • Machine tools with build in intelligence • Robots • NC Machines • Drastic reduction in set up time • This made it possible to go for small batches which reduced the inventory cost and increased the scheduling flexibility.

13. Intelligent Processing of Information • Word of mouth • Very limited in access • Information is enriched and customised. • Books • Much wider access • Information was passive • Computers • Global access • Information can be enriched and customised

14. Make and Sell vs Sense and Respond

15. CURRENT: Organization- Centric “Silo” Access GOAL: User- Centric Access Working across Silos

16. Process based Organisations

17. Task based to Process based - Example Major Business Processesused at AMP Customer Order Processing Programming Job Production Despatch Finished Goods Purchases Marketing Prototyping Inventory Control Purchase Return Goods Return Customer Queries Accounts Receivable Accounts Payable Staff Recruitment Payroll Training IT support process QA and Inspection Auditing KPI reporting

18. Changing Organisations: Enterprise Engineering Task based  To Process based

19. An early Lesson NSW State Government UNISYS Centre of Excellence in eBusiness Aim: to carry out eBusiness Development Projects for SMEs University Technical College A project based approach did not Work

20. Interactions with external World Suppliers Customers Information Material Finance Trust Relationships Security Convenience Level of Service Business organisation Government Authorities Other Businesses

21. Business Processes External Business Processes Marketing Distribution Internal Business Processes Production Payroll Business Processes Business organisation • Information • Material • Finance Employees Organisation Structure

22. Nature of Interactions External Entities Trust Relationships Security Convenience Level of Service Information Material Finance Business Processes Employees Business Organisation

23. Impact of Information Technology External Entities Technology Trust Relationships Security Convenience Level of Service Information Material Finance Business Processes Technology Employees FromAtomstoBits Business Organisation

24. External Processes External Entities Marketing Information Basic Web Site Technology Two way Communication Interactive Site Business Processes Payment and follow up eCommerce Site Technology Employees Business Organisation Organisational Efficiency

25. Internal Processes External Entities Technology Business Processes Enterprise Wide Applications Technology Effective Enterprise Effective Team Communication Infrastructure Employees Effective Individual Productivity Tools Business Organisation Organisational Efficiency

26. Convergence and New Processes Basic Web Site Interactive Site eCommerce Site Convergence New Processes Effective Enterprise SCM CRM KM Effective Team Effective Individual Organisational Efficiency

27. Finance Production Links to Suppliers Corporate Data Repository Purchasing Interactive Web site Marketing Links to Distributors Human Resources Convergence - Integration

28. eTransformation Roadmap No Website External Processes Basic Website External Processes Interactive Site E-Commerce Site Integrated Enterprise New Processes Process Sophistication Effective Organisation Effective Team Internal Processes Effective Individual Internal Processes No Computers Organisation Competitiveness

29. Linkage Linkage Business Process Task Business Process Task Business Process Task Functionality  Information Interconnection Interconnection   Technology Technology Technology  Interface Competence Cooperation Cooperation People People People Workflow, Technology and People

30. eTransformation Methodology Understanding Global Change Business Strategy Responding to Change eTransformation Strategy Implementing Change Business Process Modeling Workflow, Technology, People User Training System Implementation Business Process Re-engineering

31. Roadmap for beyond eTransformation Collaborative Organisations Ubiquitous Organisations Integrated Enterprise Process-oriented Organisation Learning and Knowledge based Organisations …………

32. People – Technology – Tasks  Systems Tasks External Factors External Factors Processes People Technology External Factors Machinery and Information Systems Organisations and Organisation Structures

33. 1750 Social Transformation 1850 1970 2000 Agricultural Society Industrial Society Information Society

34. Engineering for the new World Climate Change Health Care Poverty Elevation …………… Ref: PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY: THE ROLE OF ENGINEERING IN SOCIETY, S.P. Nichols and W.F. Weldon, Center for Electromechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, USA Information and Communication Technology Genetics Nano technology Bio Technology ……………