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Sports Physiology Introduction

Sports Physiology Introduction. Mr. Kottenstette. Body Planes, Directions, and Cavities. Basic Terms to Know…. Anatomy- study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts Physiology-study of how the body and its parts work or function

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Sports Physiology Introduction

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  1. Sports PhysiologyIntroduction Mr. Kottenstette

  2. Body Planes, Directions, and Cavities

  3. Basic Terms to Know… • Anatomy- study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts • Physiology-study of how the body and its parts work or function • Grossanatomy- large structures, easily observable • Microanatomy- very small structures, can only be viewed with a microscope

  4. Plane of Motion • Imaginary two-dimensional surface through which a limb or body segment is moved • Motion through a plane revolves around an axis • There is a ninety-degree relationship between a plane of motion & its axis Foundations of Structural Kinesiology

  5. Cardinal planes of motion • 3 basic or traditional • in relation to the body, not in relation to the earth • Sagittal Plane • Frontal Plane • Transverse Foundations of Structural Kinesiology

  6. Cardinal planes of motion • Sagittal Plane • divides body into equal, bilateral segments • It bisects body into 2 equal symmetrical halves or a right & left half • Ex. Sit-up Foundations of Structural Kinesiology

  7. Cardinal planes of motion • Frontal Plane • divides the body into (front) anterior & (back) posterior halves • Ex. Jumping Jacks Foundations of Structural Kinesiology

  8. Cardinal planes of motion • Horizontal Plane • divides body into (top) superior & (bottom) inferior halves when the individual is in anatomic position • Ex. Spinal rotation to left or right Foundations of Structural Kinesiology

  9. Body Planes There are three body planes: • Transverse or Horizontal- divides the body into a top and bottom. • Mid-SagittalorMedian- divides the body into an equal right and left side. • FrontalorCoronal- divides the body into a front and a back side.

  10. What They Look Like

  11. Sooooooo…….What if…. • You are a surgeon and planning to do open heart surgery…. you would need to make a ________________ cut into the chest cavity. • You have a patient that has gangrene in the lower portion of their leg and you need to amputate….. You would make a ________________ cut through the leg. • The abdominal muscles and muscles of the back are separated by the _______________ plane.

  12. Body Cavities There are two main body cavities: Ventral: (Belly) Which is subdivided into……. a) Abdominopelvic- which consists of the abdominal and pelvic regions, and contains the digestive and reproductive organs. b) Thoracic- which is the upper torso or chest region, and contains the heart and lungs. Dorsal:(Back)Which is subdivided into…….. • Cranial- which contains the head and includes the brain. • Vertebral- which includes the spinal column.

  13. Body Cavities

  14. OK, sooooo……. • Which cavity is the heart found in? • Which cavity contains the spinal cord? • Which cavity contains the ovaries? • Which cavity contains the stomach? • Which cavity contains the lungs? • Which cavity consists of the abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities?

  15. Reference positions • Reference positions are the basis from which to describe joint movements Foundations of Structural Kinesiology

  16. Reference positions • Anatomical position • most widely used & accurate for all aspects of the body • standing in an upright posture, facing straight ahead, feet parallel and close, & palms facing forward Foundations of Structural Kinesiology

  17. Anatomical directional terminology • Anterior • in front or in the front part • Posterior • behind, in back, or in the rear Foundations of Structural Kinesiology

  18. Anatomical directional terminology • Inferior (infra) • below in relation to another structure; caudal • Superior (supra) • above in relation to another structure; higher, cephalic Foundations of Structural Kinesiology

  19. Anatomical directional terminology • Deep • beneath or below the surface; used to describe relative depth or location of muscles or tissue • Superficial • near the surface; used to describe relative depth or location of muscles or tissue Foundations of Structural Kinesiology

  20. Anatomical directional terminology • Distal • situated away from the center or midline of the body, or away from the point of origin • Proximal • nearest the trunk or the point of origin Foundations of Structural Kinesiology

  21. Anatomical directional terminology • Contralateral • pertaining to the opposite side • Lateral • on or to the side; outside, farther from the median or midsagittal plane • Medial • relating to the middle or center; nearer to the medial or midsagittal plane Foundations of Structural Kinesiology

  22. Anatomical directional terminology • Prone • the body lying face downward; stomach lying • Supine • lying on the back; face upward position of the body Foundations of Structural Kinesiology

  23. Table 1.1 (1 of 3)

  24. Table 1.1 (2 of 3)

  25. Table 1.1 (3 of 3)

  26. Abduction Lateral movement away from the midline of the trunk in the frontal plane

  27. Adduction Movement medially toward the midline of the trunk in the frontal plane

  28. Flexion Bending movement that results in a decrease of the angle in a joint by bringing bones together, usually in the sagittal plane

  29. Extension Straightening movement that results in an increase of the angle in a joint by moving bones apart, usually in the sagittal plane.

  30. Circumduction Circular movement of a limb that is a combination of flexion, extensions, abduction and adduction.

  31. Eversion Turning the sole of the foot outward or laterally in the frontal plane.

  32. Inversion Turning the sole of the foot inward or medially in the frontal plane.

  33. PlantarFlexion Extension movement of the ankle that results in the foot and/or toes moving away from the body in the sagittal plane.

  34. Dorsi Flexion Flexion movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia bone in sagittal plane

  35. Supination Palm up position, or outward rolling of the foot/ankle

  36. Pronation Palm down position, or inward rolling of the foot/ankle

  37. Depression Inferior movement of the shoulder girdle in the frontal plane (ex: returning to normal position from a shoulder shrug) http://youtu.be/icPZniIefwA

  38. Elevation Superior movement of the shoulder girdle in the frontal plane (ex: shrugging shoulders)

  39. Lateral Flexion Movement of the head and/or trunk in the frontal plane laterally away from midline.

  40. Rotation • Turning side to side • ex. turning your head to look to your side, vertebral rotation.

  41. Opposition Diagonal movement of the thumb across the palmer surface of the hand to make contact with the fingers

  42. Regions of the body • Head and Neck • Cranial- The head region • Orbital- The eye region • Facial- The region of the face • Mandibular- The chin • Cervical- The neck • Supraclavicular- Above the clavicle

  43. Regions of the body • Upper Limb • Deltoid- Shoulder • Axillary- Armpit • Brachial- Upper Arm • Cubital- Back of Elbow • Antecubital- Front of Elbow • Antebrachial- Forearm • Carpal- Hand

  44. Regions of the body • Thorax • Pectoral- Chest • Scapular- Shoulder Blades

  45. Regions of the body • Abdominopelvic • Abdominal- Stomach • Pelvic- Hip Area • Inguinal- Groin, (ex. Inguinal Hernia) • Pudendal- Pubic Area

  46. Regions of the body • Back • Thoracic- Mid Back • Lumbar- Lower Back • Sacroiliac- Tail Bone

  47. Regions of the body • Lower Limb • Gluteal- Booty • Femoral- Upper leg, Thigh • Patellar- Knee Cap • Popliteal- Back of Knee • Crural- Lower Leg, Shin • Malleolar- Ankle • Tarsal- Foot

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