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unit1 prescription

for pharmacy students

santhipriyanagam
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unit1 prescription

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  1. PRESCRIPTION Mrs. Nagam Santhi Priya, Associate Professor, Department of pharmaceutics, Vignan Pharmacy college

  2. Introduction • Definition: A prescription is a written orderfrom Registered MedicalPractitioneror a Physician to a Pharmacist to compound and dispense a specific medication for the patient. • What does prescriptionincludes: • Patientdetails • Directions for the pharmacist to prepare and dispense themedicament. • Directions for the patient regarding administration ofdrugs.

  3. Parts of theprescription Date Name,age,sexand address of thepatient Superscription Inscription Subscription Signatura Renewalinstructions Signature,address and registration number of theprescriber Prescription

  4. Date: • Every prescription must bear the date on which the particular medicines areprescribed. • This helps the pharmacist to keep day-day Patient’s record in chronologic order which helps the pharmacist or a physician to refer the old case in future. • To avoid misuse of the narcotic or other habitat forming drugs containing prescriptions by the patient a number of times fordispensing. • Name, Age, Sex and Address of thepatient: • Name, Age, Sex and Address of the patient mustbe written on theprescription.

  5. Name helps the pharmacist to identify the correct Patients avoiding any chance of giving the medicine to a person other than the one it is dispensed for. • Note: patient’s full name must be written instead of nicknames orsurnames. • Age of the patient becomes important in the case of the Pediatric(children) and Geriatric(old people) cases. • Because the dose of drugs in such cases varies(due to their differences in ability to metabolize drugs). • Hence dose of the drugs are calculated based onthe age factor in suchcases. • Note: In some cases weight and height of the patients are alsorequired.

  6. Sex/Gender of the patient also plays major role in prescription because dose of drugs may also vary based on the sex/gender of the patient(as their abilities to metabolize/ response towards drugs may vary in manycases). • Address of the patient is generally recorded to contact the person at the later stage or to deliver the medicationpersonally.

  7. Superscription: • This part of the prescription is represented by the symbolRX. • In the ancient times it is considered as a prayer to Jupiter the God of healing for the fast recovery of thepatient. • Now a days it is used as a abbreviation for the Latin term “Take Thou” which means “youtake” • Inscription: • This is considered as the main part of the prescription order. • It contains the names and quantities of the prescribedingredients. • The name of each ingredient is written on a separate along with itsquantity.

  8. In the complex prescription containing several ingredients the inscription can be divided into followingparts: • Base (active medicament of therapeuticaction) • Adjuvants(substances added to increase action of medicament/ itspalatability) • vehicle(substance used to dissolve medicament/increase volume ofpreparation)

  9. Base Adjuvant Vehicle

  10. Subscription: • This part of the prescription contains directions of the prescriber to the pharmacist regarding the type and compounding of dosage form along with number of doses to bedispensed. • This is important because dose of drug also depends on the type of the dosageform. • Signatura: • This part of the prescription contains directions to the patient regarding the administration of thedrugs. • It is generally represented as ‘Sig’ onthe prescription.

  11. The instructions mayinclude: • The quantity to betaken • The frequency ofadministration • The mode ofadministration • The special instructions such as dilationdirection • Renewalinstructions: • In this part, the prescriber whether the prescription can be renewed ornot. • It also should include the specifications like how many times it can berenewed • It is of utmost importance incase of narcotic/other habitat formingdrugs.

  12. Signature, Address and Regd.no of theprescriber: • The signature and Regd.no of the prescriber turns the prescription into legal and authentic order to the pharmacist. • This helps in preventing the use of spuriousdrugs. • Regd.no is of utmost importance in prescription containing narcoticdrugs.

  13. Meaning Terms used inprescription Teaspoonfull Dessertspoonfull Tablespoon full Wineglass full Teacupfull Tumblerfull O.D B.D T.D Q.D 5ml 8ml 15ml 60ml 120ml 240ml Once in aday Twice in aday Thrice in aday Four times in aday

  14. HANDLING OFA PRESCRIPTION

  15. The following steps are to be followed during handling of a prescription for compounding and dispensing: • Receiving • Reading andchecking • Collecting and weighing thematerial • Compounding, • labeling andpacking, dispensing, recording, refilling • Receiving: • The prescription should be received by the pharmacist himself. • While receiving, he shouldn't change anyfacial expressions

  16. Because it may cause a impression on the patient that he is surprised or confused after seeing the prescription. • Reading andChecking: • On receiving the prescription the pharmacistshould check the prescription whether it is written in a properformat. • The prescription should always be screened behind thecounter. • Any doubts in case of prescription ingredients or drugs and directions he should discuss with another senior pharmacist or physician but not with the patient.

  17. What to check in aprescription • Error indosage • Wrong drug or dosageform • Contra indicateddrugs • Synergistic and Antagonisticdrugs • Druginteractions

  18. Collecting and weighing thematerial: • Before compounding the prescription, all the materials required for it are collected on the left side of thebalance. • After weighing each material should be shifted on to the right side of thebalance. • Note: while compounding label of the stock bottle should be read at least 3times to avoid any error: • When taken from theshelf • When the contents are removedfor weighing/measuring • When containers are returned back to its proper place

  19. Compounding, labeling andpacking: • Compounding should be carried out in a neatplace. • All the equipment required are cleaned and dried thoroughly. • Only one prescription should be compounded at a time. • The compounded materials should be filled in a suitable container based on quantity anduse. • The size of the label should be proportional tothe size of thecontainer. • Label should contain the required suggestions/directions to thepatient.

  20. Prescription errors Errors of omission – due to incompleteness of prescription [absence of dose, dosage regimen, quantity] Errors of commission- due to incorrect information of prescriber [incorrect dose, dosage regimen] Sources of errors in prescription: Dose and dosage form Abbreviations Instructions for the patient Strength of the preparation Name of the medicine Drug interactions Other errors[no date, no signature, incorrect patient details]

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