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CONNECTIVE TISSUE

CONNECTIVE TISSUE. Cells : closely aggregated, tight by junctional complexes Intercellular substance : very little No fibers in the intercellular substance Blood vessels : no Origin : ectodermal , endodermal , mesodermal Function : covering or secretion (glands).

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CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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  1. CONNECTIVE TISSUE

  2. Cells: closely aggregated, tight by junctional complexes Intercellular substance: very little No fibersin the intercellular substance Blood vessels: no Origin: ectodermal, endodermal, mesodermal Function: covering or secretion (glands) Cells: few, widely separated Intercellular substance: abundant fibers are present in the intercellular substance Blood vessels: rich (pathway) Origin: mesodermal Function: support, defense and nutrition Epithelium Connective T.

  3. C.T. constituents Matrix Cells Fibers

  4. Extracellular Matrix (Groundsubstance) • Intercellular Substance - mainly water - glycosaminoglycans - glycoproteins • Tissue Fluid: similar to blood plasma FUNCTION: - Nutrition - Barrier to bacterial penetration

  5. C.T. Fibers • Collagenous F. === tensile strength collagen protein rich in glycine,proline and hydroxyproline • Reticular F. === support framework • Elastic F. === elasticity elastinprotein rich in glycine, proline, desmosine and iso- desmosine

  6. CollagenousFibers • The most numerous • White if in great number (white fibers) • Strong and flexible • Fibers do not branch but bundles can do • Formed of collagen protein • Stain pink with eosin

  7. Types of Collagen Fibres According to the chemical composition of collagen molecules, • Type I: regular collagen fibres • Type II: c.f. in hyaline cartilage • Type III: reticular fibres • Type IV: c.f. in basal lamina

  8. Reticular Fibers • Thin branching • Not stained by H&E • Stained dark brown • with silver stain • Consist of type III collagen • Supportive function

  9. Elastic Fibres • Yellow if in great number (Yellow fibers) • Elastic and stretchable • Fibers can branch and unit • Formed of elastin protein • Stained weakly by H&E • Stain brick red by orcein • Stain dark violet with V.V.G stain.

  10. C.T. CELLS • Function • Structure LM EM • Origin

  11. Undifferentiated Mesenchymal Cell • Spindle shaped cells • Many processes • Oval nucleus • Basophilic cytoplasm • Divide and differentiate into other C.T. cells L.M.

  12. Fibroblaststhe most common type • 2 types • Young fibroblast: • Fusiform with processes • oval central paler nucleus • Basophilic cytoplasm • Function • synthesis of C.T. fibers and matrix • mature fibroblast (Fibrocytes): • Fusiform smaller • oval central darker nucleus • acidophilic cytoplasm

  13. Larger cells with paler nucleic Fibroblast Smaller cells with darker nucleic Fibrocyte

  14. Macrophages • Three types: • Resident :resting • Elicited: moving to a stimulus • Activated: active in phagcytosis: • -pseudopodea • -Kidny shaped eccentric nucleus- • large number of 2ry lysosomes • Function : • Phagocytosis

  15. Mast Cells • the largest of free cells • Contain basophilic granules • granules stain red with toluidine blue (metachromatic staining) • Central rounded nucleus • Function : • secretion of histamine and heparin

  16. Plasma Cells • large ovoid cells • Basophilic cytoplasm (rER) • spherical eccentric nucleus • Cart wheel appearance of the nucleus • Function : • formation of antibodies

  17. Fat Cell • large, sperical or polyhedral • Single or several lipid droplets • flattened peripheral nucleus • Function : • storage of fat

  18. Lipocytes stained black with osmic acid

  19. Pigment Cells • branched cells • Contain pigment granules: • Melanin (melanocytes) • Function : • gives the color of skin and iris of the eye

  20. Connective Tissue C.T. proper modifieded C.T. • Loose C.T. • Dense C.T. • Adipose C.T. • Elastic C.T. • Reticular C.T. • Mucoid C.T. Fluid nature Solid nature (supporting C.T. ) Blood Cartilage Bone

  21. Loose Areolar C.T. • All fibers • All types cells: • (Fibroblasts & macrophage) • Abundant ground sub. • Sites: • Under epithelial tissue • Papillary dermis of the skin

  22. Dense C.T.Regular(White Fibrous C.T.) Irregular • collagenous fibers run in all direction (irregular) • Fibroblasts • little amount of ground sub. • Sites: • Deep dermis of skin • Capsule of lymph node • parallelcollagenous fibers • Fibrocytes • little amount of ground sub. • Sites: • tendons • Ligaments • sclera of the eye

  23. Dense C.T.Regular(White Fibrous C.T.) Irregular Fibrocytes with variable shape

  24. Reticular C.T. • Reticular fibers • Reticular cells: form reticular fibers Sites: • liver • Lymphoid tissue • Bone marrow Liver (silver stain)

  25. Elastic C.T. • elastic Fibers: - run in all direction or - wavy parallel fenestrated mem. Sites: • Large arteries • Vocal cords

  26. Adipose C.T. • Fat cells (adipocytes) • C.T. fibers – collagenous F. • rich in blood supply Sites: • Subcutaneous tissue • Around vital organs

  27. Mucoid C.T. • UMC • Fibroblasts • Abundant Int.Sub. • Fibers present but not apparent Sites: • Umblical cord • Vitreous humor -eye

  28. Thank You

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