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H. Le Minh, Z. Ghassemlooy and W. P. Ng Optical Communications Research Group

An Ultrafast with High Contrast Ratio 1  2 All-optical Switch based on Tri-arm Mach-Zehnder Employing All-optical Flip-flop. H. Le Minh, Z. Ghassemlooy and W. P. Ng Optical Communications Research Group NCRLab, School of CEIS, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK.

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H. Le Minh, Z. Ghassemlooy and W. P. Ng Optical Communications Research Group

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  1. An Ultrafast with High Contrast Ratio 12 All-optical Switch based on Tri-arm Mach-Zehnder Employing All-optical Flip-flop H. Le Minh, Z. Ghassemlooy and W. P. Ng Optical Communications Research Group NCRLab, School of CEIS, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK IEEE ICC 2007 Glasgow, 24-28 June 2007

  2. Presentation Outline • Optical switches • SMZ and Contrast Ratio • Tri-arm Mach-Zehnder • All-optical flip-flop • Results • Summary

  3. Solution Ultrafast Switching! Introduction • Optical transparency • High Bit Rate • High Throughput

  4. Optical Switches 1. Overview Cat.1 Large scale (> 1616) Slow response (s-ms) Non-optically controlled MEMS*(Lucent Tech.) Bubbles*(Agilent) Cat.2 Small scale (22) Fast response (fs-ps) Full-optically controlled SMZ*(Japan) • Crosstalk TOAD*(Princeton) • Contrast * Sources: Internet articles & websites

  5. +180 +180 +180 +180 +180 +180 +180 +180 0 0 90 90 0 0 0 90 0 90 0 0 180 90 90 90 180 90 90 180 90 180 90 90 Symmetric Mach-Zehnder (SMZ) +180 +180 +180 +180

  6. Non-target Target Symmetric Mach-Zehnder (SMZ) Ideally, all non-target switched signals are zero Practically, non-zero non-target switched signals will penalty the contrast ratio

  7. A1 A0 B1 B0 Inter-channel CR = A1/A0 , B1/B0 Inter-output CR = A1/B0 , B1/A0 TaMZ (no need ) SMZ: achieve exact  for high CR at OP2 SMZ – Contrast Ratio Switching Contrast Ratios OP1 OP2 : SOA linewidth enhancement G1,2: Gain profile in arm 1, 2

  8. Tri-arm Mach-Zehnder (TaMZ) No need  =  for switching!

  9. All-Optical Flip-Flop SMZ-based AOFF 1- Ultrafast (ps-response) 2- Multiple control pulses to neglect the FBL

  10. AOFF Operation

  11. AOFF Operation

  12. VPI Simulation Parameters TABLE II SIMULATION PARAMETERS ParametersValues Input data bit rate 100 Gbit/s Input date pulse power 0 dBm Optical wavelength 1554 nm Optical pulse width – FWHM 2 ps Packet length 2 ns (200 bits) Packet guard band 1.5 ns Switching window width – TSW 5.5 ns Average optical continuous wave bias signal – 3 dBm Average broadcast signal – 6 dBm CS0 pulse peak-power 33 dBm CS1 power 11.7 dBm CS1 factor – 0.98 CS2 pulse peak-power 25 dBm AOFF splitting factor – 0.125 AOFF PCW 0 dBm AOFF feedback loop delay – TFBL 0.2 ns TABLE I SOA PARAMETERS ParametersValues Initial gain 24 dB Laser chip length 0.510-3 m Active region width 2.510-6 m Active region thickness 0.0410-6 m Spontaneous emission factor – nsp 2 (NF = 6 dB) SCH confinement factor –  0.56 Linewidth enhancement factor – LEF3.0 Initial carrier density 11024 m-3 Transparency carrier density 1.51024 m-3 Group effective index 3.7 DC bias current 0.15 A

  13. TaMZ Contrast Ratio Results Achieved CRs • High CR: ~ 20 dB • Large input power range

  14. TaMZ Stability (1) Input Imbalance

  15. TaMZ Stability (2) Output Imbalance Fluctuation in output coupling ratio induce less CR degrading in comparison to input coupling ratio

  16. Summary • SMZ and TaMZ are ultrafast switches, however, TaMZ offers better switching contrast ratio (~ 20 dB) in a much larger input power range • TaMZ switch provides the blocking and broadcasting capabilities • Compact size (possibly integrated)

  17. Thank you!

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