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Structures and Organelles

Structures and Organelles . 7.3. Cytoplasm and Cytoskeleton. Cytoplasm -semifluid material prokaryotes- Chemical process occur eukaryotes- Where organelles are found Cytoskeleton - Support “net” for organelles microtubules and microfilaments. The Nucleus. The “manager”

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Structures and Organelles

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  1. Structures and Organelles • 7.3

  2. Cytoplasm and Cytoskeleton • Cytoplasm-semifluid material • prokaryotes- Chemical process occur • eukaryotes- Where organelles are found • Cytoskeleton- Support “net” for organelles • microtubules and microfilaments

  3. The Nucleus • The “manager” • Contains most of cell’s DNA • Stores info used to make proteins for cell growth, function, and reproduction • Surrounded by the Nuclear Envelope • similar to plasma membrane • nuclear pores allow substances to move in and out • nucleolus- Site of ribosome production

  4. Ribosomes • Help produce proteins • Made of RNA and protein • Can be bound in the Endoplasmic Reticulum

  5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Membrane system of folded sacs and channels • Site for protein and lipid synthesis • Rough ER- where ribosomes attach • Smooth ER- where lipids are synthesized

  6. Golgi Apparatus • The “shipping center” • Flattened stack of membranes • packs proteins into vesicles to bre released from the cell

  7. Vacuoles • the “storage facility” • stores food, waste, or enzymes • Always in Plant Cells • Not Always in Animal cells

  8. Lysosomes • The “custodians” • digest excess organelles and/or food particles • also digest bacteria and viruses • only in animal cells

  9. Centrioles • Groups of microtubules • function during cell division • not found in plant cells

  10. Mitochondria • The “power supply” or “powerhouse” • converts sugar into usable energy • highly folded, for increased surface area

  11. Chloroplasts • “solar panels” • capture light energy and converts to chemical energy (photosynthesis) • Filled with Chlorophyll • Found in Plants

  12. Cell Wall • Thick, rigid, mesh of fibers that surrounds the plasma membrane • Protects cell and gives support • Made of cellulose • Found in plants

  13. Cilia and Flagella • Project off of the plasma membrane • Small whiplike structure that aids in locomotion • In some animal cells

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