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Blood

Blood. ANA152 Histology. Blood. Plasma and cellular content Histological appearance of these blood cells Normal percentage blood cells in plasma Basic function of blood cells Website: http:// histoweb.up.ac.za. What is blood?.

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Blood

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  1. Blood ANA152 Histology

  2. Blood • Plasma and cellular content • Histological appearance of these blood cells • Normal percentage blood cells in plasma • Basic function of blood cells • Website: http://histoweb.up.ac.za

  3. What is blood? • A fluid connective tissue which contains cells and an extracellular component (plasma) • Plasma: water, protein and dissolved substances • Cells:plasma = 1:2 (45% to 55%)

  4. Blood in the body • 6 liters • 7 – 8% of total body weight • Transportation to: oxygen • Transportation from: carbon dioxide • Transports cells of the immune system • Maintains homeostasis

  5. Blood cells • Erythrocytes • Red blood cells • Leukocytes • Granular white blood cells • Agranular white blood cells • Platelets

  6. Erythrocytes • 35 –50% of blood • 6.5 to 8 nm, avg. 7.5 nm. • 2.6 nm at the rim and .8 nm in the middle. • Biconcave discs shaped, no nuclei or cytoplasmic organelles • Hemoglobin • Lifespan – 120 days

  7. Leukocytes • Less than 1% of blood • Granular white blood cells • Neutrophils • Eosinophils • Basophils • Agranular white blood cells • Lymphocytes • Monocytes

  8. Neutrophils • 60 –70 % of circulating leukocytes • 6 – 7 hrs in blood, 1 – 4 days in connective tissue • Defense against invading microrganisms, ie. bacteria

  9. Inflammatory reactions • Neutrophils = migrate to the site of injury • Active phagocytes at site of inflammation • Pus • Monocytes = migrate to the site of injury (macrophages)

  10. Neutrophils - morphology • 2 - 4 lobed nucleus connected by chromatin and cytoplasmic granules • 12 – 15 nm • Small specific granules • Barr body – females • Drumstick appendage on one of the lobes

  11. Eosinophils • 2 – 4 % of circulating leukocytes • Immunologic responses • Increase in blood = parasitic infections and allergic reactions

  12. Morphology • Bi-lobed nucleus • 12 – 15 nm • Large granules, stained eosin, ~ 200 per cell

  13. Basophils • Less than 1 % of the circulating leukocytes • Nucleus is divided into irregular lobes • 12 – 15 nm • Inflammatory and allergic reactions

  14. Agranular WBC • Lymphocytes • B and T lymphocytes • Monocytes

  15. Lymphocytes • 20 – 40% of all WBC • Smallest WBC = 6 – 8 nm • Large, spherical nucleus with little cytoplasm • T and B lymphocytes • Life span from a few days to many years

  16. Monocytes • Monocyte-Macrophage • Inflammatory response • Lifespan = 12 – 100 hours

  17. Morphology • Largest WBC = 18 nm • Nucleus is oval, horse-shoe, or kidney shaped and slightly indented

  18. Platelets • 200,000 – 400,000 per 1 micro-litre of blood • 2 – 4 nm • Not true cells • 10 days - lifespan • Blood clotting

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