By: Chealsea Slider 6 th period .

1. Manifest Destiny Oregon Country Texas New Mexico California Utah Manifest Destiny Oregon Country Texas New Mexico California Utah By: Chealsea Slider 6th period . By: Chealsea Slider 6th period .

2. MANIFEST DESTINY MANIFEST DESTINY Manifest Destiny— An idea popular in the United States during the 18oos that the country must expand its boundaries to the Pacific. James L. O’Sullivan came up with the slogan in 1845

3. Oregon Country Oregon Country The Oregon Country is a huge area of land between the Pacific ocean and the Rockies Mountains, north of California. Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana and Wyoming came from the Oregon Country. The Oregon Country came from the Treaty with Great Britain • Oregon Trail: • The Oregon Trail took 2,000 miles to travel. • It started in the Mississippi Valley. • It went through the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains. • The Oregon Trail crossed the Platte River, Snake River and the Columbia River . The “Forty-four Forty or Fight,” was James K. Polk’s slogan for his campaign. The slogan referred to the line of latitude that Democrats believed should be the nation’s northern border in Oregon

4. Main Idea: -Texas won their independence from Mexico and asked to be admitted to the United States Texas Texas Stephen F. Austin organized a colony, he recruited 300 American families to settle along the Brazos and the Colorado River of Texas. The first settlers became know as the “Old Three Hundred.” The conflict over Texas started in 1803. In 1830, the Mexican government issued a decree that stopped all immigration from the United States, this official order angered the Americans. The Alamo was a small Texan force barricaded inside a nearby mission. In 1833 Santa Anna became President of Mexico. Sam Houston became the commander in chief after Texas declared their independence Texas declared their independence on March 2, 1836 at Washington-on-the-Brazos.

5. Texas; San Jacinto Texas; San Jacinto The Texans shouted “Remember the Alamo! Remember the Alamo,” as they attacked Mexican camps. The Battle of San Jacinto happened on April 21. President Andrew Jackson refused to annex Texas, because the addition of another slave state would upset the balance of slave and free states. At the end of the battle Santa Anna signed a treaty that recognized the independence of Texas. Texas was annexed to the United States on December 29, 1845. James K. Polk was the president when Texas was annexed.

6. War With Mexico War With Mexico New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada and Utah and parts of Colorado and Wyoming were all located in the New Mexico Territory. The Santa Fe trail was the route that William Becknell took to trade merchandise. The trail left the Missouri River and crossed the prairies to the Arkansas River. It followed the river west toward the rocky Mountains before turning south into New Mexico Territory. The trade with New Mexico increased the Americans settling in the New Mexico region. John C. Fre`mont described California to have mild climate, scenic beauty and abundance of natural resources The Spanish used the missions in California to convert Native Americans to Christianity.

7. War With Mexico War With Mexico Some Americans saw the advantage of extending the United States to the Pacific, that way the nation would be safely bordered by the sea instead of by a foreign power. The United States insisted the Rio Grande was the border of Texas. Mexico insisted that the Nueces River was the border of Texas. Fredrick Douglass believed the war was “disgraceful” and “cruel.” He felt this way because he believed that if the United States expanded into the West, the Southern states would carry slavery into the new territories. Polk called an emergency cabinet meeting because Mexico was invading the country. The cabinet agreed that the attack was grounds for war with Mexico.

8. War With Mexico War With Mexico The flag for the Republic of California showed a bear and a star on a white background. Polk gave the task of capturing Mexico City to General Winfield Scott. In the treaty Mexico agreed that the Rio Grande is the border of Texas. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed in February of 1848, ended the Mexican War. In 1853, the United States gave Mexico $10 million for the Gadsden Purchase, which is a strip of the southern edge of Arizona and New Mexico. In the Mexican Cession, Mexico gave the United States California and New Mexico for $15 million.

9. New Settlers In California and Utah New Settlers In California and Utah The forty-niners crossed the Sierra Nevada to get to California The Gold Rush happened in 1849 in California. The people who came to the mine were call forty-niners. Boomtowns- new communities Mexico, South America, Europe, Australia and China sent forty-niners to California A Jewish immigrant Levi Strauss sold the miners sturdy pants made of denim. He called them “Levi’s.” As people arrived daily to California, San Francisco grew from a tiny town to a large city of more than 20,000 people.

10. New Settlers In California and Utah New Settlers In California and Utah A religious refuge in Utah: The religion in Utah were Mormons, or members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The founder of the church was Joseph Smith. In 1844 a mob in Illinois killed Smith and Bringham Young took over as head of the Mormons. Young believed the Mormons should settle near the Great Salt Lake in present day Utah. In 1850 Congress established Utah as a state.

11. Causes and Effects of Westward Movement Causes and Effects of Westward Movement Causes: • Americans accept Manifest Destiny • As the East becomes more crowded, Americans want more land. • The West contains fur, lumber, and precious metals. Effects: • Native Americans are forced off their land. • The United States wars with Mexico. • The United States extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Effects: Causes: