B5 Micronutrients and Macronutrients

1. B5 Micronutrients and Macronutrients By Zhi Wei & John

2. Micronutrients • Substance which are required in small quantity for normal body function e.g. minerals & vitamins. • Required ﹤0.005% of body weight • Do NOT produce energy

3. Minerals • Very small amount of inorganic ions required for the function of the body • Used for STRONG bones and teeth e.g. Ca, Mg & P; formation of hormones, enzymes; and maintaining of fluid levels.

4. Vitamins • Organic compounds required for metabolism, to protect health and for proper growth in children. • Vitamins generally arecatalysis, which combines with proteins to create enzymes

5. Vitamins • Various vitamins are not chemically related and most differ in their structures and physiological action • Fat soluble vitamins (e.g. A, D, E & K) • Contain Long hydrocarbon groups • Water soluble vitamins (e.g. B & C) • Contain highly polar OH groups

6. Vitamins • Conformers: • they are isomers which differ only in rotation around a single bond. • Vitamin A • Long carbon chain, one OH group and alternate double and single bonds • Fat soluble • light sensitive due to many conjugated double bonds

7. Vitamins • Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) • Five-membered ring containing an O atom; four OH groups

8. Macronutrients • Substance that are required in relatively large amounts (﹥0.005% of body weight) • E.g. proteins, fats, carbohydrates and minerals (Na, Mg, K, ca, P, S and Cl) • Macronutrients such as proteins, fats and carbohydrates produce energy

9. Nutrients deficiencies • Malnutrition: the insufficient, excessive or imbalanced consumption of nutrients. • Income disparities, lack of economic opportunities and poor eating habits and so on

10. Micronutrients deficiencies

11. Macronutrients deficienies

12. Thank You!